Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de charge ntɛmntɛm .
Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nnuru a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm wɔ batere mu no ayɛ kɛse, ama bere a egye na ama wɔadu ahoɔden a edi mũ ho no so, na wɔatew anaasɛ wɔbɛtew mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa no so anaasɛ wɔatew so, na ɛnam so ama batere a wɔde di dwuma ntɛmntɛm no atu mpɔn no, mfiridwuma a wɔde bɔ ka ntɛmntɛm no anya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu. Wɔde akwan pii a wɔtaa fa so de charging di dwuma ntɛmntɛm aba wɔ ase ha. Wɔayɛ saa akwan yi atwa charging curve a eye sen biara no ho ahyia, a ne botae ne sɛ ɛbɛma charging curve ankasa no abɛn sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye wɔ charge curve no ho.
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de pulse charging yɛ .
Pulse charging kwan no di kan de pulse current bɔ battery no ho ban, afei ɛma charge no gyae bere tenten bi, na afei ɛde pulse current san bɔ battery no bio, na ɛsan yɛ saa cycle yi, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-5 no. Charging pulse no charge battery no koraa, bere a intervals no ma bere ma oxygen ne hydrogen a nnuru no yɛ adwuma ma ɛyɛ recombine no na ɛtwetwe, abɔde mu yi concentration polarization ne ohmic polarization fi hɔ. Eyi ma batere no mu nhyɛso so tew, na ɛma current a edi hɔ a ɛba daa no kɔ so yiye na ɛma batere no tumi twetwe ahoɔden pii. Ntini a ɛwɔ ntam no ma batere no nya bere a ɛfata, na ɛtew gas a ɛkɔ so no so na ɛma batere no charging current acceptance rate no tu mpɔn.
Pulse charging betumi ama battery charging ne discharging efficiency atu mpɔn, akora charging bere so, na ama battery no nkwa nna ayɛ kɛse, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wodi tebea horow bi ho dwuma.
Esiane sɛ lithium-ion batere ahorow no de wɔn ho to lithium ions a ɛkɔ so wɔ cathode, anode, ne electrolyte mu bere a wɔrebɔ ne ho a, ion a ɛkɔ soro no ho hia titiriw na ɛho hia sɛ wɔma ion a wɔde tu ne diffusion coefficient no yɛ kɛse na ama wɔadu botae a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛkora charge bere so na wɔama charge no atu mpɔn no so. Ɛnyɛ sɛ charge rate anaa distribution a ɛmfata rentumi nnya botae a wɔpɛ no nko na mmom ɛbɛma battery aging ayɛ ntɛmntɛm nso. Sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-2 mu no, dodow a charge rate no kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na tumi a wɔde tua ho ka no sua.
Electrochemical characteristic analysis kyerɛ sɛ charging rate a lithium-ion battery no wɔ anohyeto titiriw wɔ diffusion rate a lithium ions ne su a ɛwɔ positive ne bɔne electrode nneɛma. Sɛ yɛde equation (11-3) di dwuma a, wobetumi de lithium-ion diffusion equation asi hɔ.
Wɔ fomula no mu no, Cl gyina hɔ ma lithium-ion dodow; X gyina hɔ ma diffusion kwan no; T gyina hɔ ma bere a wɔde trɛw mu; na Dli gyina hɔ ma lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ lithium-ion batere da onyin bere abien adi ntɛmntɛm wɔ kyinhyia mu sɔhwɛ mu:
1) SEI film (solid electrolyte interphase), adeyɛ a ɛgye lithium ions a ɛwɔ hɔ no fã bi de yɛ SEI film no wɔ electrode no ani.
2) Wɔ charging cycle biara awiei no, lithium ions a ɛwɔ nsuo no mu no tu kɔ baabi a ɛwɔ battery no mu no sua koraa, berɛ a diffusion coefficient a ɛwɔ solid phase no mu no sua koraa. Enti, sɛ charging current no sõ dodo wɔ charging cycle no awiei a, lithium ions dodow bi bɛtwe adwene asi electrode no ani so, a ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛma lithium metal ayɛ na ɛtew lithium ion a ɛwɔ mu no so.
SEI sini no a wɔhyehyɛ no nya batere nkwa so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Sɛ wɔantumi anhyehyɛ SEI film pa, ɛwom sɛ battery no betumi anya charge/discharge efficiency a ɛkorɔn ne tumi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiase charge/discharge stages no mu de, nanso tumi no so bɛtew kɛse bere a cycle count no kɔ soro no, titiriw wɔ low-current pulse charging modes mu. Enti, lithium-ion a ɛyera wɔ ɔfa a edi kan no mu no yɛ nea wontumi nkwati. Nanso, ɛnsɛ sɛ current a ɛwɔ pulse charging mu no yɛ kɛse dodo. Mprempren a ɛboro so no bɛma SEI sini a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ aba, SEI film a ɛyɛ den ntɛmntɛm, ne nea ɛbɛko atia no akɔ soro kɛse, na ɛbɛtew ions dodow a wotumi de di dwuma no so na ɛde tumi a ɛbɛyera aba.
Pulse charging de charging pauses anaasɛ reverse discharge di dwuma titiriw de yi polarization fi hɔ bere a wɔreyɛ charging no. Polarization ne battery type, manufacturing process, ne material properties wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse, na ne nsakrae yɛ den. Esiane sɛ batere mfiridwuma mu nkɔso kɔ so nti, wɔadi polarization so yiye. Enti, mfaso a ɛwɔ pulse charging modes a wɔtaa de di dwuma so no nyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛnea ɛte no. Ɛho hia sɛ wɔde batere su a ɛfa ho no bom ma ankasa-bere so hwɛ na yɛsesa amplitude ne cycle a ɛwɔ pulse charging mu ma battery no kɔ so yɛ adwuma tebea a eye sen biara-Nhumu charging mode a wɔaka ho asɛm akyiri yi.
ReflexTM kwan a wɔfa so de charging yɛ ntɛmntɛm .
ReflexTM Fast Charging kwan no yɛ mfiridwuma a wɔagye ho tumi krataa wɔ United States, a mfiase no wɔyɛɛ no titiriw sɛ wɔde bɛbɔ nickel-cadmium batere ho ka. Saa charging kwan yi brɛ memory effect haw a ɛwɔ nickel-cadmium battery mu no ase, na ɛnam so ma bere a wɔde charge ntɛmntɛm no so tew kɛse. Sɛ wode toto akwan a wɔfa so de mframa bɔ no ho a, ade kɛse a ɛwɔ reflexTM fast charging kwan no mu ne pulse a ɛnyɛ papa a wɔde ka ho. Ne adwinnade no de "barrier" nkɛntɛnso a ɛde ba a negative pulse de ma no di dwuma de yi ahurututu a ɛba wɔ electrode no ani bere a wɔreyɛ ade no, na ɛtew ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro no so na ɛkɔ soro wɔ mu resistance bere a batere no rebɔ no. Eyi ma anyinam ahoɔden tumi dannan no ma ɛyɛ nnuru ahoɔden wɔ batere no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara, na ɛboa ma woyi concentration polarization a ɛnam slow diffusion so ba no fi hɔ, na ɛma nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ battery no mu no tu mpɔn, na ɛnam so ma charge dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ-discharge cycles no kɔ soro.
Sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-6 mu no, adwumayɛ kyinhyia biako a ɛfa reflexTM fast charge kwan no ho ne afã abiɛsa: anim charging pulse, reverse instantaneous discharge pulse, ne home wɔ charge mu ma nsiesie. Dwumadi a ɛwɔ anim charging pulse no mu ne sɛ ɛbɛma amplitude pulse current a ɛyɛ papa no ayɛ charge battery no; Dwumadi a reverse instantaneous discharge pulse no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma electrolyte ions no atrɛw pɛpɛɛpɛ na ama polarization reaction no atwen wɔ battery no mu, na ɛnam so ama charge no ayɛ yiye na ama battery no nkwa akɔ soro; Dwumadi a ɛwɔ stop charging phase no mu ne sɛ ɛbɛma electrolyte ions no atrɛw pɛpɛɛpɛ na abrɛ polarization phenomenon no ase, na ɛnam so ama charging no ayɛ adwuma yiye na atrɛw batere no nkwa mu.
Variable Mprempren Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma .
Nsakraeɛ a ɛba mprempren a ɛtwa mu no gyina current charging ne pulse charging a ɛkɔ so daa so, sɛdeɛ wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-7 mu no. Ne su ne sɛ wɔde constant current charging section no si voltage-limited variable current a ɛtwa mu no ananmu. Wɔ mfitiaseɛ mmerɛ a wɔde charge no mu no, wɔde variable current intermittent charging kwan no di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ charging current a ɛkorɔn na wɔnya charge no dodoɔ no ara.
Wɔ akyiri yi stages a charge no, constant voltage charging phase na wɔde nya overcharge na ɛsan de battery no kɔ tebea a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ mu. Ɛdenam charging a wogyae wɔ bere ne bere mu so no, oxygen ne hydrogen a nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ batere no mu no nya no nya bere a wɔde bɛsan ayɛ adwuma na wɔtwe, efi abɔde mu no, ɛma dodow polarization ne ohmic polarization fi hɔ. Eyi ma batere no mu nhyɛso so tew, na ɛma current a edi hɔ a ɛba daa no kɔ so yiye na ɛma batere no tumi twetwe anyinam ahoɔden pii.
Wɔgyina variable current intermittent charging kwan no so, wɔde variable voltage intermittent charging kwan no ahyɛ nyansa, sɛdeɛ wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-8 mu no. Nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda variable voltage ne variable current intermittent charging akwan no ntam ne sɛ stage a ɛdi kan no nyɛ intermittent constant current, na mmom intermittent constant voltage.
Sɛ yɛde Mfonini 11-7 ne 11-8 toto ho a, yebetumi ahu sɛ Mfonini 11-8 no da charging curve a eye sen biara adi yiye. Wɔ daa constant voltage charging stage, esiane daa voltage charging nti, charging current no fi awosu mu so tew kɛse, a ɛne su a ɛne sɛ battery current a wogye tom no so tew nkakrankakra wɔ charging nhyehyɛe no mu no hyia.
Nsakraeɛ ahoɔden, nsakraeɛ mprempren asorɔkye-Type intermittent positive ne negative zero-pulse fast charge kwan .
Mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ pulse charging, reflexTM fast charging, variable current intermittent charging, ne variable voltage intermittent charging, variable voltage, variable current wave-Type positive and negative zero-Pulse intermittent fast charging kwan no ayɛ na wɔde adi dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, pulse charging circuit no so tumi gu akuw abien mu:
1) Amplitude a ɛwɔ pulse current no mu no yɛ variable, bere a frequency a PWM (power PWM) signal no yɛ fixed.
2) Amplitude a ɛwɔ pulse current no mu no yɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa, bere a PWM sɛnkyerɛnne no frequency no yɛ nea wotumi sesa.
Mfonini 11-9 de control mode a ɛsono abien yi di dwuma: pulse current amplitude ne frequency a ɛwɔ PWM signal no nyinaa yɛ fixed, bere a PWM duty cycle no yɛ adjustable. Ɛdenam charging/stopping phase a wɔde ka ho a wɔde bɛka ho so no, wobetumi anya charge pii wɔ bere tiaa bi mu, na ama battery no charge acceptance tumi atu mpɔn.
Charging mode biara wɔ n’ankasa mfaso ne application scope. Nanso, esiane sɛ wɔde anyinam ahoɔden kar di dwuma kɛse nti, ahoɔhare a wɔde bɔ kar no ho ahiasɛm rekɔ soro, na ɛma wonya ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ kar no nyansam. Smart Charging botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma battery no ayɛ kɛse koraa anaasɛ ebedu tumi a wɔahyɛ wɔ bere tiaa bi mu. Eyi yɛ nea wotumi yɛ denam mprempren bo a wɔsakra no sɛnea battery no tebea a ɛwɔ charge (SOC) ne akwahosan tebea (SOH) te no so, na ɛma bere a wɔde gye kar no yɛ nea wotumi de toto nea wɔde hyɛ kar a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ho.
Smart charging atwetwe adwene kɛse. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa de wɔn adwene asi nneɛma a ɛho hia so wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ akwan a wɔfa so di nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ho nhyehyɛe so na ama wɔabɔ ka kɛse bere a wɔhwɛ hu sɛ batere no nkwa nna yɛ yiye no. Eyi nso ma kar ahorow a anyinam ahoɔden wom a wɔde di dwuma ne asetra mu a wogye tom no yɛ kɛse.
