Ɔkwan a wɔfa so gye charge ntɛmntɛm
Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm wɔ batere mu, ayɛ tiaa bere a egye na ama wɔatumi ayɛ adwuma koraa, na wɔatew polarization a ɛwɔ mprɛte a ɛyɛ papa ne nea enye no so, na ɛnam so ama batere no atu mpɔn no, mfiridwuma a ɛma batere no yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm no anya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu. Wɔde akwan pii a wɔtaa de di dwuma a wɔfa so charge ntɛmntɛm no aba ase ha. Wɔayɛ saa akwan yi atwa charge curve a eye sen biara no ho ahyia, a wɔn botae ne sɛ wɔbɛma charge curve ankasa no abɛn charging curve a eye sen biara no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara.
Pulse charging kwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de pulse charge no di kan de pulse current charge battery no, afei egyae charge bere bi, na afei ɛde pulse current san charge battery no bio, na ɛsan yɛ saa cycle yi, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-5 mu no. Charging pulse no ma battery no charge koraa, bere a ntamgyinafo no ma bere ma oxygen ne hydrogen a nnuru no yɛ no san ka bom na ɛtwetwe, na efi awosu mu no eyi concentration polarization ne ohmic polarization fi hɔ. Eyi ma batere no mu nhyɛso so tew, na ɛma mprempren ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ no bere nyinaa a edi hɔ no kɔ so yiye na ɛma batere no tumi twetwe ahoɔden pii. Pulses a ɛba bere ne bere mu no ma battery no nya bere a ɛfata, na ɛtew gas evolution so na ɛma battery no charging current acceptance rate tu mpɔn.
Pulse charging betumi ama battery charge ne discharging a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye, akora bere a wɔde charge so, na ɛtrɛw battery nkwa nna mu, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wodi tebea horow bi ho dwuma.
Esiane sɛ lithium-ion batere no de ne ho to lithium ions a ɛwɔ cathode, anode, ne electrolyte no mu a ɛkɔ soro bere a wɔrebɔ charge na wɔrebɔ no so titiriw nti, ion a ɛkɔ soro ne diffusion coefficient a wɔbɛma akɔ soro no ho hia na ama wɔadu botae a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛkora bere a wɔde bɔ batere so na wɔama charge no atu mpɔn no ho. Ɛnyɛ sɛ charge rate anaa distribution a ɛmfata rentumi nnya botae a wɔpɛ no nko, na mmom ɛbɛma battery anyin ntɛmntɛm nso. Sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-2 mu no, dodow a charge rate no kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na chargeable capacity no sua.
Electrochemical su nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ lithium-ion battery no charge rate no anohyeto titiriw ne diffusion rate a lithium ions ne electrode nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa ne bɔne no su. Sɛ wɔde nsɛso (11-3) di dwuma a, wobetumi de lithium-ion trɛw nsɛso asi hɔ.
Wɔ fomula no mu no, CL gyina hɔ ma lithium-ion dodow; x gyina hɔ ma diffusion kwan a ɛda ntam; t gyina hɔ ma bere a wɔde trɛw; na DLi gyina hɔ ma lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ lithium-ion batere da onyin bere abien adi ntɛmntɛm wɔ kyinhyia sɔhwɛ mu:
1) Bere a wɔhyehyɛ SEI sini (Solid Electrolyte Interphase), adeyɛ a ɛdi lithium ions a ɛwɔ hɔ no fã bi de yɛ SEI sini no wɔ electrode no ani.
2) Wɔ charge cycle biara awiei no, ahoɔden a ɛko tia lithium ions a ɛtu kɔ nsuo a ɛwɔ battery no mu no sua koraa, berɛ a diffusion coefficient a ɛwɔ solid phase no mu no sua koraa. Enti, sɛ charge current no yɛ kɛse dodo wɔ charging cycle no awiei a, lithium ions dodow bi bɛkɔ electrode no ani, na ɛnyɛ den sɛ ebetumi ama lithium dade ayɛ na ama lithium ion a ɛwɔ mu no so atew.
SEI sini no a wɔhyehyɛ no nya battery nkwa so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Sɛ wɔantumi anhyehyɛ SEI film pa, ɛwom sɛ ebia battery no benya charge/discharge efficiency a ɛkorɔn ne tumi a wotumi de di dwuma wɔ charge/discharge stages a edi kan no mu de, nanso tumi no so bɛtew kɛse bere a cycle count no kɔ soro no, titiriw wɔ low-current pulse charging modes mu. Enti, lithium-ion a ɛyera wɔ ɔfa a edi kan no mu no yɛ nea wontumi nkwati. Nanso, ɛnsɛ sɛ current a ɛba bere a wɔrebɔ pulse charge no yɛ kɛse dodo. Current a ɛboro so bɛma SEI film a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, SEI film no ayɛ kɛse ntɛmntɛm, na ɛbɛma resistance no akɔ soro kɛse, na ɛbɛtew ions dodow a wotumi de di dwuma no so na ɛde tumi a ɛbɛyera aba.
Pulse charging titiriw de charging pauses anaa reverse discharge di dwuma de yi polarization fi hɔ bere a charging nhyehyɛe no. Polarization ne batere ko, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ, ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu no wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse, na ne nsakrae ahorow no yɛ nea emu yɛ den. Esiane sɛ wɔakɔ so anya nkɔso wɔ batere mfiridwuma mu nti, wɔadi polarization so yiye. Enti, mfaso horow a ɛwɔ akwan a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ pulse charging modes so no nyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛnea ɛte no. Ɛho hia sɛ wɔka battery su parameters a ɛfata bom ma real-bere hwɛ na wɔsesa amplitude ne cycle of pulse charging na ama battery no akɔ so ayɛ adwuma yiye-intelligent charging mode a wɔaka ho asɛm akyiri yi no.
ReflexTM Fast Charging Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ
ReflexTM kwan a wɔfa so charge ntɛmntɛm no yɛ mfiridwuma a wɔagye ho tumi krataa wɔ United States, mfiase no wɔyɛɛ no titiriw sɛ wɔde bɛbɔ nickel-cadmium batere. Saa kwan a wɔfa so charge saa yi brɛ memory effect haw a ɛwɔ nickel-cadmium battery mu no ase, na ɛnam so ma bere a wɔde charge ntɛmntɛm no so tew kɛse. Sɛ wɔde toto akwan a wɔfa so de ahoɔden charge ho a, ade kɛse a ɛwɔ ReflexTM fast charging kwan no mu ne sɛ wɔde pulse a enye ka ho. Ne adwinnade no de "akwanside" nkɛntɛnso a adwemmɔne pulse no de ma no di dwuma de yi ahurututu a ɛba wɔ electrode no ani bere a adeyɛ no yɛ adwuma no fi hɔ, na ɛtew ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro so na ɛma emu ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro bere a battery no rebɔ no. Eyi ma wotumi dan anyinam ahoɔden ma ɛbɛyɛ nnuru ahoɔden wɔ batere no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara, na ɛboa ma woyi concentration polarization a efi diffusion a ɛkɔ brɛoo mu ba no fi hɔ, na ɛma nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛwɔ batere no mu a wɔde di dwuma no tu mpɔn, na ɛnam so ma charge-discharge cycles dodow kɔ soro.
Sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-6 mu no, adwumayɛ kyinhyia biako a ɛwɔ ReflexTM fast charging kwan no so no wɔ akwan abiɛsa: forward charging pulse, reverse instantaneous discharge pulse, ne home a wɔde gye charge wɔ charge mu de siesie. Adwuma a forward charging pulse no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma amplitude pulse current a ɛyɛ papa de abɔ battery no; adwuma a reverse instantaneous discharge pulse no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma electrolyte ions no atrɛw pɛpɛɛpɛ na ama polarization reaction a ɛwɔ battery no mu no akyɛ, na ɛnam so ama charge no atu mpɔn na battery no nkwa nna akɔ soro; adwuma a stop charging phase no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma electrolyte ions no atrɛw pɛpɛɛpɛ na abrɛ polarization adeyɛ no ase, na ɛnam so ama charging no atu mpɔn na ama battery no nkwa nna atrɛw.
Variable Mprempren Intermittent Charging Ɔkwan
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de charge current a ɛsakra bere ne bere mu no gyina mprempren charge a ɛkɔ so daa ne pulse charging so, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-7 mu no. Ne su ne sɛ wɔde ɔfã a ɛbɔ mprempren a ɛkɔ so daa no si voltage-limited variable current intermittent charging section ananmu. Wɔ mfitiaseɛ mmerɛ a wɔde charge no, wɔde variable current intermittent charging kwan no di dwuma de hwɛ hu sɛ charging current a ɛkorɔn na wɔanya charge dodoɔ no ara.
Wɔ akyiri yi mmere a wɔde charge no, wɔde constant voltage charging phase di dwuma de nya overcharge na wɔsan de battery no ba tebea a charge koraa mu. Ɛdenam bere ne bere mu a wogyae charge so no, oxygen ne hydrogen a nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ batere no mu no nya bere de san ka bom na ɛtwetwe, na efi awosu mu no eyi concentration polarization ne ohmic polarization fi hɔ. Eyi ma batere no mu nhyɛso so tew, na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ no bere nyinaa a edi hɔ no kɔ so yiye na ɛma batere no tumi twe anyinam ahoɔden pii.
Wɔagyina variable current intermittent charging kwan no so ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔbɛfa variable voltage intermittent charging kwan so, sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 11-8 mu no. Nsonsonoe a ɛda variable voltage ne variable current intermittent charging akwan ntam ne sɛ, ɔfã a edi kan no nyɛ intermittent constant current, na mmom intermittent constant voltage.
Sɛ yɛde Mfonini 11-7 ne 11-8 toto ho a, yebetumi ahu sɛ Mfonini 11-8 no da charge curve a eye sen biara adi yiye. Wɔ constant voltage charging stage biara mu no, esiane constant voltage charging nti, charge current no fi awosu mu so tew exponentially, a ɛne su a ɛne sɛ battery current a wogye tom no so tew nkakrankakra bere a charging nhyehyɛe no hyia.
Voltage a ɛsakra, mprempren asorɔkye a ɛsakra-Type Intermittent Positive ne Negative Zero-Pulse Fast Charging Ɔkwan
Wɔde mfaso a ɛwɔ pulse charging, ReflexTM fast charging, variable current intermittent charging, ne variable voltage intermittent charging so ka bom no, wɔayɛ variable voltage, variable current wave-type positive ne negative zero-pulse intermittent fast charging kwan no na wɔde adi dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, sɛnea wɔhwɛ pulse charging circuit no so no gu akuw abien mu:
1) Amplitude a pulse current no yɛ nsakrae, bere a frequency a PWM (power PWM) sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ fixed.
2) Amplitude a pulse current no yɛ daa, bere a frequency a PWM sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ adjustable.
Mfonini 11-9 de control mode a ɛsono saa mmienu yi di dwuma: pulse current amplitude ne frequency a ɛwɔ PWM signal no nyinaa yɛ fixed, bere a PWM duty cycle no yɛ adjustable. Ɛdenam charge/stopping phase a ɛba bere ne bere mu a wɔde bɛka ho so no, wobetumi anya charge pii wɔ bere tiaa bi mu, na ama battery no charge agye atom no atu mpɔn.
Charging mode biara wɔ n’ankasa mfaso ne application scope. Nanso, esiane sɛ wɔde kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom di dwuma kɛse nti, ahoɔhare a wɔde charge kar a wɔhwehwɛ no renya nkɔanim, na ɛde smart charging aba. Smart charging botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma battery no abɔ mu koraa anaasɛ ebedu tumi a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ wɔ bere tiaa bi mu. Wɔnam mprempren bo a wɔsakra no sɛnea batere no Tebea (SOC) ne Akwahosan Tebea (SOH) te so, na ɛma bere a wɔde charge no toto nea wɔde pɛtro gu kar a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ho.
Smart charging atwetwe nnipa pii adwene. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa de wɔn adwene asi nneɛma atitiriw so wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ akwan horow a wɔfa so hwɛ batere so de ma batere dodow atu mpɔn bere a wɔhwɛ ma batere no nkwa nna a etu mpɔn no so. Eyi nso ma anyinam ahoɔden kar ahorow a mfaso wɔ so na wogye tom wɔ asetra mu no yɛ kɛse.
