Batere Bɛn na Forklift De Di Dwuma?

Kɔbere-acid anaa lithium. Ɛno ne no. Ɛno ne mmuae no.

Nanso ɛnyɛ ɛno nti na woaba ha. Woaba ha ɛfiri sɛ obi a ɔwɔ procurement mu repia lithium, anaa obi a ɔwɔ sikasɛm mu repia akɔ akyi wɔ upfront cost no so, anaasɛ wowɔ fleet of trucks a ɛkɔ so wuwu na ɛhia sɛ wobɛhunu sɛ ɛyɛ battery anaa operators anaa charging protocol anaa dɛn.

Mayɛ mfiridwuma mu batere bɛyɛ mfe du-baako ni. Technical side wɔ Polinove mprempren, yɛyɛ LFP packs. Ansa na ɛno reba no na mewɔ-nokwarem no, ɛnyɛ baabi a na mewɔ kan no, asɛm no ne sɛ mahu sɛ po so ahyɛn nsakrae a ɛdɔɔso akɔ bɔne sɛ menya adwene wɔ eyi ho.

What Kind Of Battery Does A Forklift Use?

Nea Ɛretu Awie Wɔ Hɔ

Lead-acid da so ara yɛ base a wɔde ahyɛ mu no mu dodow no ara. Mahu akontabuo a ɛwɔ baabiara firi 58% kɔsi bɛboro 70% a egyina deɛ ɔreyɛ akontabuo no ne deɛ wɔrekan no so. Spread no kyerɛ wo sɛnea data no yɛ fuzzy. Market nhwehwɛmu adwumakuw ahorow ani gye ho sɛ wobetintim saa akontaabu ahorow yi te sɛ nea ɛyɛ asɛmpa nanso bere no fã reyɛ extrapolating fi nhwehwɛmu mmuae ahorow mu a te sɛ 12% mmuae dodow.

Lithium ayɛ adidi akɔ adetɔ foforo mu, titiriw biribiara multi-shift. Ntease wom bere a woreyɛ akontaabu no, a mɛkɔ so.

Hydrogen wɔ hɔ. Ebia units 50,000 wɔ wiase nyinaa? Dodow no ara yɛ wimhyɛnkafo ne PR apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ. Makyinkyin beae biako pɛpɛɛpɛ a hydrogen yɛɛ sikasɛm mu ntease ankasa na na ɛno yɛ nea efi sɛ na wɔwɔ tumidi ho apam a ɛyɛ dɛ ne ɔman mmoa ade bi a na mente ase yiye nkutoo. Wɔ obiara fam no ɛyɛ mfe du akyirikyiri minimum, ebia ɛboro saa.

Kɔbere-Asidi

Nnuruyɛ no adi mfe 160. Kɔbere mprɛte a ɛwɔ sulphuric acid mu. Ɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Industrial units tu mmirika 24V kosi 80V, tumi fi 200Ah kosi bɛboro 1,000Ah gyina nnwinnade kuw so.

Mu duru ho hia wɔ ha. Saa nneɛma yi mu duru fi 900kg kosi tɔn abien. Ɛno nyɛ incidental-ɛyɛ counterweight. Forklift no hia saa mass no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛrenhinhim bere a wofa pallet a wɔde nneɛma ahyɛ mu ma no. Eyi bɛyɛ ade mũ bere a nkurɔfo bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsesa lithium a wonsusuw ho yiye no. Mehwɛɛ retrofit bi kɔɔ nkyɛn wɔ aduan kyekyɛ adwumayɛbea bi mfe kakraa bi a atwam a wɔkoraa sika so denam ballast a wɔde kaa ho a wohuruw so, lɔre kɔɔ n’anim de pallet a ɛyɛ ma, operator bailed, product kɔɔ baabiara. Obiara ampira nanso na ɛyɛ basabasa. Adapɛn asia na ama wɔasiesie insurance no, ne racking a asɛe no, ne nneɛma a wɔhwere no. Ne nyinaa fi sɛ na obi pɛ sɛ ɔkora dɔla ahanan so wɔ lɔre biara ho wɔ counterweight ho.

Sɛnea ɛte biara no, nsiesie tebea no ne baabi a lead-acid bɛyɛ ɔhaw ma high-utilization facilities.

Woanya dapɛn dapɛn nsuo-cell biara a ɛwɔ battery biara mu, na sɛ wo adwumayɛfoɔ no reyɛ yei yie ampa a anka ɛbɛyɛ me nwonwa ɛfiri sɛ berɛ no fã berɛ a me audit facilities no specific gravity readings no wɔ baabiara a ɛka kyerɛ me sɛ obiara nsuo yie anaasɛ obiara nsɔ nhwɛ yie anaa n'abien nyinaa. Equalization charging, a ɛyɛ controlled overcharging de siw stratification ano nanso sɛ woyɛ no bɔne a wo ma corrosion yɛ ntɛmntɛm wɔ positive grids no so. Terminal a wɔtew so. 8-8-8 mmara a obiara nim na obiara nni akyi: nnɔnhwerew awotwe a wɔde tu mmirika, nnɔnhwerew awotwe a wɔde charge, nnɔnhwerew awotwe a wɔde yɛ onwini.

Saa onwini bere no ne owudifo no. Third shift ba awiei anɔpa 6, battery kɔ charge, day shift fi ase anɔpa 7 na ehia lɔre. Dɛn na ɛba? Obi twe batere a ayɛ dɔnhwerew biako a ɛrebɔ. Yɛ saa mpɛn pii na worebɔ 30{1}40% wɔ ɔsom nkwa nna no so. Na nhwehwɛmu bi wɔ hɔ-Mepɛ sɛ meka sɛ PHL Scientific nanso ebia merefrafra no ne biribi foforo-a ɛkyerɛ biribi te sɛ 47% a nsuyiri kɔ lead-acid battery di huammɔ ansa na abɔ rated lifecycle. Ɛnyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu sintɔ ahorow. Adwumayɛ mu ayayade ara kwa.

AGM ne TPPL wɔ ntam. Sealed so no nsuo, ntɛmntɛm recharge, eye wɔ akwan bi so. Ɛda so ara nyɛ lithium. Nsakrae tech.

LFP vs NMC vs Biribiara a Ɛka Ho

Sɛ obi ka sɛ lithium forklift battery a wɔkyerɛ LFP. Lithium dade a wɔde yɛ phosphate. Ɛnyɛ nneɛma a Tesla de gu kar mu-a ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ NMC, nickel manganese cobalt.

Nteaseɛ bi wɔ hɔ a enti ɛte saa na ɛnyɛ den.

LFP thermal runaway threshold bɛyɛ digrii 270 . Ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ mmɔden ankasa sɛ wode ogya bɛto biako mu. NMC fi ase kɔ thermal runaway mu wɔ baabi wɔ 150-210℃range a egyina bunch of factors-state of charge, cell mfe, sɛnea wɔyɛɛ no, ambient tebea horow. Nhwehwɛmu bi wɔ hɔ wɔ huammɔdi modes no ho, misusuw sɛ PowerTech Systems atintim nneɛma wɔ eyi ho, akwan pɔtee no yɛ den nanso nea ɛyɛ tiawa no ne sɛ: tow LFP cell bi na wunya venting, tow NMC cells bi wɔ tebea bɔne mu na wunya ogya.

Wɔ adekoradan a forklift ahorow a ɛyɛ adwuma twa racking ne adwumayɛfo ne nneɛma a wɔde asie a ne bo yɛ dɔla ɔpepem pii ho hyia fam no, saa margin no ho hia.

Ade foforo nso ne cobalt. NMC wɔ bi, ɛno ne nea C no gyina hɔ ma. Cobalt a wɔde ma no yɛ basabasayɛ-geopolitically unstable, abrabɔ pa ho asɛm wɔ sourcing, bo a ɛsakrasakra. LFP nni cobalt biara. Nkɔanim a merehu sɛ adetɔ akuw kyerɛ cobalt-free esiane sɛ ɛma wɔn ESG nkrataa yɛ mmerɛw nti.

Ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den: LFP tu mmirika ebia 90-160 Wh/kg, NMC korɔn, 150-270 Wh/kg anaa nea ɛte saa. Wɔ EVs chasing range eyi ho hia kɛse. Na forklifts baabi a wopɛ mass no ɔkwan biara so? Asɛm a ɛba fam koraa.

Cycle asetra ne baabi a LFP twetwe n’anim ankasa. Krataa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfiri ebia 2014, mesusu sɛ ɔkyerɛwfoɔ a ɔdi kan ne Omar, wɔ Applied Energy-Menni citation no nsa nanso ɛkyerɛɛ sɛ LFP reyɛ bɛboro mpem mmiɛnsa cycles wɔ full depth of discharge. Sakraman a emu nnɔ trɛw saa asɛm no mu kɛse, te sɛ mpempem du du. NMC nkura mu ɔkwan koro no ara so wɔ dwumadie a emu yɛ den ase.

Yɛn installations no bi atwam cycle mpem anum mprempren. Da so ara reyɛ adwuma yiye. Yɛbɛhwɛ baabi a wɔbɔɔ nkwa awiei ankasa.

Ade biako a wɔnka ho asɛm sɛnea ɛsɛ: wuntumi nnye lithium ho ka bere a awɔw wom ankasa no. Wiɛ, wubetumi, nanso ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ saa. Wɔ freezing ase no wowɔ asiane mu sɛ lithium plating wɔ anode a ɛsɛe nkwammoaa no daa. Yɛn packs no wɔ ahobammɔ a esiw charge bere a pack no yɛ nwini dodo, ne ɔhyew nneɛma a ɛbɛma ɔhyew aba kan. Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no te eyi ase. Sɛ anyinam ahoɔden dum anadwo biako wɔ awɔw bere mu na pack ahorow no tena hɔ nwini a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hyew ansa na wɔabɔ. Ebia manya frɛ abiɛsa anaa anan afi adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔnte eyi ase na wɔn adwene tu frae nea enti a wɔn batere renkɔbɔ anɔpa nnɔnsia wɔ January mu.

Cold Storage Titiriw

Eyi ne baabi a yɛyɛ adwuma pii enti mɛsɛe bere kakra wɔ ho.

Lead-acid hwere tumi wɔ awɔw mu. Rough numbers fi nea mahu wɔ afuw mu: wɔ freezing mu no ebia worehwɛ 75% of rated capacity, wɔ -18℃no ɛba fam kodu 40-biribi ɔha biara mu. Na worentumi nnye charge below freezing-chemistry no nyɛ adwuma kɛkɛ wɔ saa temperatures no mu. Enti adwumayɛbea ahorow twe lɔre ahorow fi frigye mu, de kɔ baabi a wɔde charge ba a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew, wɔbɔ ho ka, afei wɔsan de kɔ awɔw mu. Saa ɔhyew kyinhyia no ma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini ba. Nsu kɔ nkitahodi ne nsɔano ne mframa a wɔde fa mu mu. Nsu a ɛporɔw no yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Batere ahorow no di huammɔ ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ.

LFP a ɛwɔ ɔhyew nhyehyɛe a ɛfata-ɔhyew nneɛma, IP67 nsɔano-kura mu yiye kɛse. 85-90% efficiency wɔ -20℃sɛ wɔayɛ pack no ama no a.

Ɛwɔ case study bi a me twe adwene si so pii, BSLBATT documented it, cold storage operation running Linde trucks, me susu sɛ na ɛyɛ Middle East wɔ baabi. Na wɔrefa lead-acid battery abien anaa abiɛsa mu wɔ lɔre biara mu da biara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkata shift ahorow so kɛkɛ. Swap biara gyee simma aduonu, na ehia krane, ahobammɔ a ɛda adi bere a wɔresakra no. Bere a wɔsakrae akyi no wɔkɔɔ batere biako so wɔ lɔre biara mu, na sika a wɔkora so wɔ nsiesie ho no yɛ biribi te sɛ dɔla mpem abien ɔsram biara wɔ unit biara mu esiane sɛ na enhia sɛ wɔgugu nsu bio kɛkɛ nti. Me nni link no handy nanso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛwɔ wɔn site so sɛ wohwehwɛ wɔn cold storage case studies a.

Toyota specs wɔn lithium cold storage lɔre ahorow nnɔnhwerew abien a ɛkɔ so wɔ -30℃. Nkyerɛase a wɔde ɔhyew ayɛ no betumi atra frigye no mu daa.

Sika

Biribiara gyina wo tebea pɔtee so enti fa eyinom sɛ rough benchmarks ɛnyɛ predictions.

Lead-acid wɔ mfeɛ anum mu no ebia worehwɛ adetɔ ho ka bɛyɛ anum grand, ahoɔden ka wɔ bere no mu ebia asia grand, nsiesie adwumayɛfo-na eyi ne kɛse no-mmerɛw mpem du sɛ woreyɛ ankasa nsiesie a ɛfata, plus ebia wobɛsesa battery no anyɛ yiye koraa no pɛnkoro enti mpem anum foforo, ne nea ɛka ho biara downtime ɛka wo. Total baabi wɔ low to mid thirties.

Lithium: adetɔ ho ka a ɛkɔ soro, frɛ no mpem dunum kosi dunwɔtwe, nanso ahoɔden ho ka kɔ fam kodu ebia anan grand wɔ bere no mu, nsiesie titiriw nyɛ hwee, ɛnyɛ nea wɔde besi ananmu, bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma kakraa bi. Total bɛyɛ aduonu, ebia low aduonu.

Maintenance line no ne nea ɛkanyan akontaabu no. Sɛ wowɔ lɔre aduanan na wubetumi ayi obi a watu ne ho ama a ɔhwɛ batere so afi hɔ a, ɛno yɛ mpem ɔha a ɛboro so wɔ afe afe adwumayɛfo a wɔkora so nkutoo mu.

Ɛwɔ hɔ a mfeɛ awotwe-mfeɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfiri UgoWork wɔ Texas 3PL, lɔre aduonum, wɔkyerɛw biribi te sɛ ɔpepem 2.9 wɔ sikakorabea wɔ nsakraeɛ akyi, payback yɛ bɛyɛ bosome aduasa. Na kɔbere-acid hia sɛ wɔsesa mfe anan biara-ish, lithium tuu mmirika yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no nyinaa. Me referenced eyi mpɛn pii ne customers.

Payback bere nhyehyɛe gyina sɛnea wɔde di dwuma so. Multi-shift 24/7 adwumayɛ ebia asram 12-18. Single shift betumi ayɛ mfe anan anaa anum, a ɛware araa ma sikasɛm akuw binom rempene so. Hu wo nɔma ansa na woakɔ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe nhyiam no ase.

Wɔn a Wɔaka no

BMS su gu ahorow kɛse na ɔkwan pa biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so asusuw ho a wonsɔ nhwɛ. Ebinom a wɔtɔn sɛ aguadi grade rentwam mfitiase ahobammɔ validation. Ɛfata sɛ wubisa adetɔnfo akwan a wɔfa so kari pɛ wɔ nkwammoaa mu, ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so, mfomso ho mmuae bere. Nanso nokwarem no ɛno yɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛyɛ soronko koraa.

Compliance: UL 2580 ma North America, UN38.3 ma amanaman ntam po so hyɛn, EU battery mmara bi wɔ hɔ a ɛrekɔ so nkakrankakra kɔsi 2027 a ɛwɔ akwantuo tumi krataa ahwehwɛdeɛ. OSHA charging area ahwehwɛdeɛ dodoɔ no ara fa lead-acid ho ɛnam hydrogen off-gassing nti. Nya nkrataa ankasa a ɛfa mfonini pɔtee a woretɔ no ho.