Dɛn ne MPPT?

Enti asɛm bi a ɛyɛ serew a esii Yawda a etwaam no ni. Na me ne Dave a ofi yɛn adetɔ kuw no mu renom kɔfe (wunim, ɔbarima a onwiinwii bere nyinaa wɔ supplier lead times ho), na obisaa me sɛ: "Dɛn ne MPPT nneɛma yi nyinaa a wokɔ so kɔ so wɔ R&D nhyiam ahorow no mu?"

Asɛmmisa a ɛfata, ampa. Yɛtow saa nsɛmfua a wɔatwa no tiaa yi gu te sɛ confetti wɔ ayeforohyia ase, nanso nnipa dodow no ara a wonni mfiridwuma mu bubble no nni nea yɛreka ho asɛm no ho hwee koraa.

MPPT gyina hɔ ma Maximum Power Point Tracking. Na dabi, ɛmfa ho sɛnea adetɔn nhomawa ahorow bi ma ɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛte no, ɛnyɛ adaka tuntum bi a ɛyɛ anwanwade a "ɛma wo owia ahoɔden mfiri no yɛ papa" kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ nokwarem no fɛfɛɛfɛ tẽẽ bere a woatwam din a ɛyɛ hu no.

Ɛteɛ, enti yɛ eyi ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem. Woanya solar panel a ɛte wo dan atifi. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛnea ɛsɛ – owia hann bɔ no, anyinam ahoɔden fi adi, adwuma a wɔayɛ. Gye sɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw saa koraa, ɛnte saa?

Solar panels yɛ nwonwa. Ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔmma wo tumi a ɛkɔ so daa kɛkɛ ɛmfa ho nea wode wɔn bɛyɛ. Voltage ne current a wɔde ba no sesa gyina adesoa a wode bata wɔn ho so, na kicker no ni: voltage ne current a wɔaka abom pɔtee BAKO pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ a wunya ahoɔden a ɛsen biara a wubetumi afi saa panel no mu.

Yɛfrɛ eyi Maximum Power Point, anaa MPP. Catchy din, menim.

Afei, saa asɛm yi di akɔneaba bere nyinaa. Mununkum twam wɔ soro? MPP tu kɔ baabi foforo. Ɔhyew a ɛsakra? MPP tu kɔ baabi foforo. Panel nya mfutuma kakra? Woasusuw ho, MPP tu. Ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ botae a ɛrekɔ so bere a wɔakata w’ani so no.

Eyi ne nea Sarah (yɛn nhyehyɛe ho nhyehyɛefo a odi kan – ɔbea a ne ho akokwaw, kɔfe dɛ a ɛyɛ hu) kaa ho asɛm kyerɛɛ obi a ɔregye nneɛma wɔ ɔsram a etwaam no mu sɛ: "Fa no sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nsu bɛhyɛ bokiti mu ma, nanso tap no nhyɛso kɔ so sesa, na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae bere nyinaa wɔ baabi a wubue valve no kɔ akyiri na ama woanya nsu a ɛsen sen biara." Ɛnyɛ pɛ, nanso ɛmaa asɛm no daa adi.

Ansa na MPPT rebɛyɛ gyinapɛn – yɛreka 1990 mfeɛ no mfimfini ho asɛm wɔ ha – owia ahoɔden a wɔde si hɔ dodoɔ no ara de deɛ yɛfrɛ no PWM controllers di dwuma. PWM gyina hɔ ma Pulse Width Modulation, a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ fɛ ara kwa a wɔfa so ka sɛ wɔdannan nkitahodi a ɛda wo panel ne battery ntam no na wɔdum no ntɛmntɛm ankasa de hwɛ charge so.

Ɔhaw no? PWM controllers titiriw twe wo panel voltage kɔ fam ma ɛne wo battery voltage hyia. Enti sɛ woanya 36V solar panel ne 12V battery a, woreyɛ... woretow saa voltage no fã kɛse bi agu kɛkɛ. Ɛte sɛ nea woatɔ agumadi kar na woaka no wɔ gear a edi kan mu nkutoo. Ampa, ɛyɛ adwuma, nanso dɛn ne mogyahwiegu no?

Nokwarem no meda so ara wɔ saa tete PWM units yi mu biako a ɛte me kar dan mu fi adwuma bi a yɛyɛe wɔ 2009. Ɛyɛ krataa a ɛyɛ fɛ mprempren.

MPPT

MPPT controller yɛ soronko koraa. Sɛ anka ɛbɛtow wo panel voltage no agu fam akɔ battery level kɛkɛ no, ɛde DC-DC converter (susuw ho sɛ electronic gear box) di dwuma de dan saa voltage a ɛkorɔn no ankasa kɔ current pii mu wɔ battery voltage a ɛba fam no mu.

Physics bit no ni, nanso mehyɛ bɔ sɛ mɛma ayɛ tiawa: Power=Voltage × Current. Enti sɛ woanya 36V wɔ 3A afi wo panel (108W) mu a, MPPT controller no betumi adan saa no ayɛ bɛyɛ 12V wɔ 9A (108W nso, a wɔayi adehwere bi afi mu). Worenya tumi KORAA no ara, wɔ ɔkwan soronko so ara kwa a wo battery betumi de adi dwuma ankasa.

Nanso twɛn, pii wɔ hɔ! (Me ahwɛ infomercials pii dodo)

MPPT controller no nnyɛ saa nsakraeɛ yi pɛnkoro kɛkɛ na ɔfrɛ no da biara. Ɛsusu panel no output bere nyinaa, tweaks adesoa a ɛde ma panel no, susuw bio, na ɛkɔ so yɛ nsakrae de hwehwɛ saa beae a ɛyɛ dɛ no – Maximum Power Point – baabi a ɛreyi tumi a ɛsen biara koraa a ebetumi afi wo panel no mu wɔ bere biara mu.

Ɛyɛ saa asaw yi mpɛn du du pii wɔ sekan biara mu. Da mũ nyinaa, da biara.

Afei ɛha na ɛyɛ anigye, ne baabi a nnwumakuw te sɛ yɛn de no de bere pii gye akyinnye wɔ mfiridwuma mu nhwehwɛmu nhyiam ahorow mu.

Ɛwɔ adesoa ahorow a ɛsono algorithms a wɔde di MPP no akyi:

Perturb na Hwɛ (P&O) .– Eyi ne dedaw a wotumi de ho to so. Controller no piapia beae a wɔyɛ adwuma no kɔ ɔkwan biako so, hwɛ sɛ ebia ahoɔden kɔɔ soro anaasɛ ɛbaa fam, afei ɛsan piapia no sɛnea ɛfata. Ɛnyɛ den, etu mpɔn, nanso ebetumi wosow wɔ MPP no ho te sɛ ɔsabofo a ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya safe tokuru. Yɛde eyi di dwuma wɔ yɛn Model S-150 series no mu efisɛ wɔada no adi na ne bo nyɛ den sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma.

Nkɔanim Conductance– Nkontaabu mu fɛfɛɛfɛ kɛse, wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nokwarem no? Minhuu da sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma yiye sen P&O wɔ wiase tebea ankasa-mu, ɛmfa ho nea adesua nkrataa no ka no. Yɛsɔɔ afã mmienu no nyinaa hwɛe-af{4}}asram mmiɛnsa wɔ ahuhuro a atwam no mu (June kɔsi August 2022), na nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔtwa mu no nnu 2%. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata sɛ wɔde di dwuma ho ka a ɛboro so ma application dodow no ara.

Fractional Open Circuit Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma– Fa guess a egyina panel no open-circuit voltage so. Ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm nanso ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Chinafoɔ units a ne boɔ yɛ mmerɛ no bi de yei di dwuma, na wobɛtumi ahunu – wɔfata nanso ɛnyɛ kɛseɛ.

Afei woanya akwan foforo a ɛyɛ fɛ nyinaa – neural networks, fuzzy logic, sliding mode control. Na hwɛ, megye di sɛ wɔwɔ wɔn gyinabea wɔ nhwehwɛmu labs ne niche applications mu, nanso ma 95% of installations? P&O yɛ adwuma no yiye.

Tom a ofi yɛn aguadi dwumadibea no kɔ so piapia yɛn sɛ yɛmfa "AI-powered MPPT" nni dwuma mma buzz factor no. Yɛkɔ so ka kyerɛ no sɛ ntease nni ntini ahorow mu ma saa application yi na anka ɛde ɛka ne nsɛnnennen bɛka ho kɛkɛ a mfaso biara nni so ankasa. Saa akyinnyegye yi akɔ so fi October. Fa mmoa mena.

MPPT

"Nanso ɛyɛ papa dɛn?" - Biara. Ankonam. Dwumadiwura. Nhyiamu.

Okay, enti dodoɔ ankasa bi a ɛfiri afuom sɔhwɛ a yɛyɛɛ no afe 2022 nyinaa mu nie:

Wɔ yɛn installations a ɛwɔ Spain kesee fam (Málaga mantam mu, sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu a), yehuu:

MPPT vs PWM: Sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, ahoɔden a wɔtwa no 25-30%

Nkɔso a eye sen biara: 45% (eyi yɛ December mu a na sunsuma fã bi wɔ hɔ)

Nkɔso a enye koraa: 15% (awɔw bere mfinimfini, nna a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew, bere a PWM mpo yɛ adwuma yiye kakra)

Nkɔso no yɛ kɛse bere a:

Wo panel voltage no korɔn sen battery voltage koraa

Wowɔ shading fã bi

Ɛsono ɔhyew mu kɛse

Wowɔ panels a ɛnhyia wɔ array no mu

Ɛyɛ ketewaa sen biara bere a biribiara yɛ nea eye sen biara – a ne titiriw no ɛnyɛ wiase ankasa mu da.

Merenfono wo wɔ circuit diagram a edi mũ ho, nanso topology titiriw no ni:

MPPT controller dodow no ara de buck converter (anamɔn-ase), boost converter (anamɔn-kɔ soro), anaa buck-boost converter (betumi ayɛ abien no nyinaa) di dwuma sɛ wɔn tumi stage. Yɛtaa de buck topology kɔ efisɛ solar panels dodow no ara yɛ voltage a ɛkorɔn sen battery a wɔrebɔ no.

Mpɛn pii no, ɔfã a wɔde di dwuma no wɔ:

Microcontroller (yɛde STM32 series di dwuma wɔ yɛn premium line no mu) .

Voltage ne mprempren sensor ahorow

Ɔhyew sensor ahorow (ma panel, battery, ne controller no ankasa) .

Ebinom a wɔde di dwuma (LCD screen, Bluetooth, nea ɛte biara) .

Ɛno ne no ankasa. Nkrabea no nyinaa wɔ software no mu – algorithm a ɛsi sɛnea wɔbɛsesa adwumayɛ beae no ho gyinae.

Yɛn Model X-300 foforo a yɛrefi ase ɔsram a edi hɔ no (ɔman dawurubɔ wɔ SolarTech Expo wɔ Amsterdam wɔ March 8th – bra ka hi sɛ wowɔ hɔ a!) de dual-core processor di dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yebetumi ayɛ ahobammɔ sohwɛ a yɛde yɛn ho afi MPPT algorithm no ho. Bit overkill a ɛboro so? Ebia. Nanso saa asɛm a esii a akansifo no kuw no gyaee ogya wɔ Australia afe a etwaam no akyi (remmmɔ din, nanso ebia woate ho asɛm), yɛmfa yɛn ho nkɔto asiane mu.

"MPPT ma wo tumi pii fi wo panels mu".– Dabi, wo panel no gyina owia hann so na ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ. MPPT hwɛ hu ara sɛ wode saa tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ no nyinaa redi dwuma sen sɛ wobɛsɛe no.

"Wo nhia MPPT a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe nketewa".- Nwura. Nhyehyɛe ketewaa bi mpo nya so mfaso. Ampa, ahoɔden a wonya koraa no sua, nanso ɔha biara mu-nyansa no, ɛyɛ ade koro.

"MPPT yɛ grid-tie nhyehyɛe nkutoo dea".– Afei nso ɛyɛ mfomso. Ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse ma battery charging, a nokwarem no ɛyɛ baabi a yehu yɛn adetɔn dodow no ara.

"MPPT controllers nyinaa yɛ ade koro titiriw".– Ha! Ka saa asɛm no kyerɛ mfiridwumayɛfo kuw no. Yɛde asram pii yɛ optimizing efficiency, thermal management, ahotoso. Nanso megye atom, wɔ nea ɔde di dwuma no fam no, ebia Chinafo unit a ne bo yɛ £50 ne yɛn controller a ne bo yɛ £400 no betumiayɛ sɛsɛ. Enkosi sɛ nea ne bo nyɛ den no bedi nkogu wɔ asram asia akyi, kyerɛ sɛ.

Hwɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ metɔn wo wɔ yɛn nneɛma so, nanso ma menka nokware (nka nkyerɛ m’adwumawura sɛ mekaa eyi):

Sɛ wowɔ nhyehyɛe ketewaa bi (a ɛwɔ 50W ase), cable run tiawa a, wo panel voltage no ne wo battery voltage hyia yiye, na wowɔ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den so – ebia PWM bɛyɛ yiye. Wobɛgya ahoɔden bi wɔ pon no so, nanso ɛtɔ da bi a ɛno yɛ aguadi-agye a wɔgye tom.

Yɛwɔ adetɔfoɔ bi afe a atwam no a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔma wim tebea ho adwumayɛbea ketewa bi a ɛwɔ Scotland Highlands. 20W panel, 12V battery, £30 sikasɛm nhyehyɛe. Mekamfoo PWM controller a ne bo nyɛ den kyerɛe. Ɔtɔɔ yɛn MPPT unit no ɔkwan biara so efisɛ "na ɔpɛ nea eye sen biara." Fair enough, ɛyɛ ne sika, nanso ebia ROI a ɛwɔ saa gyinaesi no so no nyɛ da.

Ɛhe na saa mfiridwuma yi rekɔ? Wiɛ, yɛrehu nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛrekɔ so:

MPPT a wɔakyekyɛ– Sɛ anka controller kɛse biako ma array no nyinaa, optimizers nketewa wɔ panel biara so. Eye ma shading, nanso ɛde ɛka ne nsɛnnennen ka ho. Mprempren yɛresɔ eyinom ahwɛ wɔ adwuma bi a wɔde bɛsɔ ahwɛ mu wɔ Norway.

Cloud nkitahodi– Obiara pɛ sɛ ne solar controller no ne ne smartphone kasa. Ampa, dɛn nti na ɛnte saa. Yɛn app no yɛ nokwarem no fɛfɛɛfɛ decent, sɛ mpo m’ankasa meka saa a. Wubetumi ahu bere mu adwumayɛ ankasa, abakɔsɛm mu data, na sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a, ɛbɛbɔ wo kɔkɔ. Yɛpiaa update dapɛn a atwam a ɛsiesie battery tebea-a-charge akontabuo – na ɛrekenkan bɛyɛ 5% anidasoɔ dodo kan.

Algorithm ahorow a eye kyɛn so– Eyi ne m’ankasa m’adwene a ɛhyɛ me so. Me ayɛ adwuma wɔ nkɔmhyɛ algorithm a ɛde wim tebea ho nkɔmhyɛ data di dwuma de di kan-emptively siesie tracking parameters no. So ɛyɛ adwuma? Ɛtɔ da a. So ɛfata sɛ yɛbɔ mmɔden? Jury da so ara wɔ abɔnten.

MPPT

Been doing this long enough sɛ mɛhu mfomsoɔ a wɔtaa di:

Fa ne kɛse yɛ nea ɛfata– Ntɔ 60A MPPT controller mma 10A panel. Ɛyɛ adesɛe. Saa ara nso na mma ɛnnyɛ kɛse nsusuw sɛ wobɛkora sika so. Wobɛsɛe no ara kwa bere a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wode panel afoforo bɛka ho akyiri yi no.

Ma ɛnyɛ nwini– Saa nneɛma yi ma ɔhyew ba. Mfa nhyɛ adaka a wɔatoto mu mu wɔ owia hann tẽẽ mu. Yiw, nkurɔfo yɛ eyi ankasa. Dabi, mente nea enti a ɛte saa no ase.

Battery ɔhyew sensor– Fa di dwuma! Ɛsɛ sɛ charge voltage yɛ temperature-compensated. Pia mu hyew ne Sahara mfinimfini hia ahoɔden soronko.

Cable a wɔde yɛ adwuma– Yɛnya SO pii frɛ fa controllers a ɛnyɛ adwuma yie ho, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa ɛyɛ undersized cables na ɛma voltage drop. Fa mogya cable sizing calculator a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet no so no di dwuma.

Nsiesiei ahorow ho hia– Nsiesiei a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no yɛ conservative. Kenkan nhoma no (minim, nyansahyɛ a ɛyɛ ahodwiriw) na hyehyɛ no ma wo batere pɔtee no.

Enti, dɛn ne MPPT? Ɛyɛ titiriw ɛlɛtrɔnik matchmaker nyansafo a ɛhwɛ hu sɛ wo solar panel ne battery reyɛ adwuma abom yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara, bere nyinaa ɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ tebea horow a ɛsakra mu de piapia watt biara a ebetumi afi wo nhyehyɛe no mu.

So mfaso wɔ so? Wɔ installations dodow no ara fam no, koraa. Ɛka a ɛboro so a MPPT controller a ɛwɔ PWM so no tua ne ho ka wɔ ahoɔden a wɔtwa a ɛkɔ soro wɔ afe biako anaa abien ntam no mu.

So yɛyɛ animhwɛ esiane sɛ yɛtɔn wɔn nti? Gye di. Nanso yɛgye wɔn di nso, anyɛ saa a anka yɛremfa mfeɛ 15 a atwam no nsiesie mfiridwuma no na yɛayɛ akyinnyegyeɛ sɛ MPPT controllers a ɛyɛ papa wɔ gua so no bi. (Na yiw, minim sɛ adwumakuw biara ka saa, nanso yɛn de no ka saa ankasa. Ko tia me.)

Anyway, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa a, fa gu comments no mu anaa shoot me email. Anaasɛ nea eye sen saa no, kyere me wɔ Amsterdam expo wɔ March mu. Me na mɛnom kɔfe dodo na makyerɛkyerɛ MPPT mu akyerɛ obiara a ɔbɛtie.

Oh, ne plug a ɛyɛ ntɛm – fa wo MPPT ne anionic lithium batere a wɔde yɛ adwumasɛ wubetumi a. Su a ɛma charge ntɛmntɛm no ma controller no yɛ adwuma yiye ankasa wɔ awɔw bere mu nna ntiantiaa mu. Yɛasɔ saa combo yi ahwɛ fi afe a etwaam no na efficiency gains no yɛ nokwarem no ɛfata sɛ yɛka ho asɛm.