Dɛn ne MPPT?- Polinovel .

Enti asɛm bi a ɛyɛ serew a esii Yawda a etwaam no ni. Na me ne Dave renom kɔfe a efi yɛn procurement team (wonim, guy a bere nyinaa onwiinwii wɔ supplier lead times ho), na obisaa me sɛ: "Dɛn ne saa MPPT nneɛma yi nyinaa a wokɔ so kɔ so wɔ R&D nhyiam ahorow no mu?"

Asɛmmisa a ɛfata, ankasa. Yɛtow saa acronyms yi di akɔneaba te sɛ confetti wɔ ayeforohyia ase, nanso nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ engineering bubble no akyi no nni biribiara a ɛkyerɛ nea yɛreka ho asɛm no koraa.

MPPT gyina hɔ ma tumi a ɛsen biara a wɔde di akyi. Na dabi, ɛmfa ho sɛnea adetɔn ho nhomawa ahorow bi ma ɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ dɛ no, ɛnyɛ adaka tuntum bi a ɛyɛ anwanwade a "ɛma wo owia ahoɔden mfiri no yɛ papa kɛkɛ." Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ tẽẽ yiye bere a woatwam wɔ din a ɛyɛ hu no so no.

Right, enti yɛ eyi ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem. Wowɔ solar panel a ɛte wo dan atifi. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw – owia hann bɔ no, anyinam ahoɔden fi adi, adwuma ayɛ. Gye sɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw koraa saa, ɛnte saa?

Solar panels yɛ nwonwa. Wɔmma wo tumi dodow a ɛkɔ so daa kɛkɛ a nea wode yɛ no mfa ho. Voltage ne current no yɛ nsakraeɛ a egyina adesoa a wode bɛka wɔn ho so, na ɛha na kicker no wɔ: ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ pɔtee baako pɛ a wɔaka abom a ɛyɛ voltage ne current a wobɛnya tumi a ɛsen biara a ɛbɛtumi aba afiri saa panel no mu.

Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ tumi a ɛsen biara, anaa MPP. Edin a ɛkyere adwene, minim.

Afei, saa asɛm yi di akɔneaba bere nyinaa. Cloud twam wɔ soro? MPP tu. Ɔhyew mu nsakrae? MPP tu. Panel nya mfutuma kakra? Wo guessed no, MPP tu. Ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ botae bi a ɛrekɔ so bere a w’ani akata so no.

Eyi ne nea Sarah (yɛn lead system designer – brilliant woman, terrible taste in coffee) kaa nea ɔrehwehwɛ no ho asɛm wɔ ɔsram a etwaam no mu: "Fa no sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nsu bɛhyɛ bokiti mu ma, nanso tap no nhyɛso no kɔ so sesa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wosakra sɛnea wubue valve no mu kɔ akyiri bere nyinaa na ama woanya nsu a ɛsen sen biara no." Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, nanso ɛyɛɛ asɛm no wɔ atifi hɔ.

Ansa na MPPT rebɛyɛ gyinapɛn – yɛrekasa wɔ 1990 mfe no mfinimfini wɔ ha – owia ahoɔden a wɔde si dan mu dodow no ara de nea yɛfrɛ no PWM controllers no dii dwuma. PWM gyina hɔ ma pulse width modulation, a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ fɛ kɛkɛ a wɔfa so ka sɛ wɔdannan nkitahodi a ɛda wo panel ne battery ntam no so na ɛdum ntɛmntɛm ankasa de hwɛ charge so.

Ɔhaw no? PWM controllers titiriw twe wo panel voltage no kɔ fam ma ɛne wo battery voltage hyia. Enti sɛ woanya 36V solar panel ne 12V battery a, worebɔ saa voltage no chunk kɛse bi kɛkɛ. Ɛte sɛ nea woretɔ agumadi kar na woaka no bere nyinaa wɔ gear a edi kan mu nkutoo. Ampa, ɛyɛ adwuma, nanso dɛn ne mogya a ɛba no?

Me nokwarem no, meda so ara wɔ saa tete PWM units yi mu biako a ɛte me garage mu fi project bi a yɛyɛɛ no bio wɔ 2009. Ɛyɛ paperweight fɛfɛ mprempren.

MPPT

MPPT controller yɛ soronko koraa. Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛtow wo panel voltage no agu battery level so kɛkɛ no, ɛde DC-DC converter (susuw ho sɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik gear box) di dwuma de dannan saa voltage a ɛkorɔn no ankasa ma ɛyɛ current pii wɔ battery voltage a ɛwɔ fam no so.

Ɛha na physics bit no wɔ, nanso mehyɛ bɔ sɛ mɛma ayɛ tiawa: Power= voltage × current. Enti sɛ woanya 36V wɔ 3A fi wo panel (108W) mu a, MPPT controller no betumi adan saa no ayɛ bɛyɛ 12V wɔ 9a (san nso 108W, minus losses binom). Worenya ahoɔden koro no ara, wɔ ɔkwan foforo so ara kwa a wo battery betumi de adi dwuma ankasa.

Nanso twɛn, pii wɔ hɔ! (Mehwɛɛ infomercials pii dodo)

MPPT controller no nnyɛ saa conversion yi pɛnkoro pɛ na ɛfrɛ no da. Ɛsusu panel no output no daa, tweaks adesoa a ɛde ma panel no, susuo bio, na ɛkɔ so yɛ nsakraeɛ ma ɛhunu saa sweet spot no – maximum power point – baabi a ɛreyi absolute most power a ɛbɛtumi aba afiri wo panel no mu wɔ berɛ biara mu.

Ɛyɛ saa asaw yi mpɛn pii wɔ sekan biako mu. Da mũ nyinaa, da biara da.

Afei ha na ɛyɛ anigye, na baabi a nnwumakuw te sɛ yɛn de no de bere pii gye akyinnye wɔ mfiridwuma mu nhwehwɛmu nhyiam ahorow mu.

Nneɛma a ɛwɔ algorithm ahorow mu a wɔde di MPP no akyi no so:

Perturb na hwɛ (P&O) .– Eyi ne dedaw a wotumi de ho to so. Controller no nudges adwumayɛ beae no wɔ ɔkwan biako so, hwɛ sɛ tumi kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛba fam, afei nudges bio sɛnea ɛfata. Ɛnyɛ den, etu mpɔn, nanso ebetumi ayɛ oscillate atwa MPP ho ahyia te sɛ nea wabow nsa a ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya safe tokuru. Yɛde eyi di dwuma wɔ yɛn model S-150 series mu efisɛ ɛyɛ adanse na ne bo nyɛ den sɛ yɛde bedi dwuma.

Nkɔanim a ɛba .– wɔ akontaabu mu no, ɛyɛ fɛ yiye, wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nokwarem no? Minhuu no da sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma yiye sen P&O wɔ ankasa-Wiase tebea mu, ɛmfa ho nea adesua ho nkrataa kyerɛ no. Yɛsɔɔ afã mmienu no nyinaa hwɛeɛ-a-afã asram mmiɛnsa wɔ afe a atwam no ahohuru bere mu (June kɔsi August 2022), na nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔtwa mu no nnu 2%. Ɛnfata sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnwuma dodow no ara mu.

fractional open circuit ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu .– Ɛfa asusudeɛ a egyina panel no a ɛbue-circuit voltage so. Ntɛmntɛm nanso ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Chinafoɔ units a ne boɔ yɛ mmerɛ no bi de yei di dwuma, na wobɛtumi ahunu – ɛyɛ nea ɛfata nanso ɛnyɛ kɛseɛ.

Afei woanya akwan foforo a ɛyɛ fɛ no nyinaa – neural networks, fuzzy logic, sliding mode control. Na hwɛ, megye di sɛ wɔwɔ wɔn gyinabea wɔ nhwehwɛmu labs ne niche applications mu, nanso 95% a wɔde installations yɛ no? P&O yɛ adwuma no yiye ara kwa.

Tom a ofi yɛn aguadi dwumadibea no kɔ so piapia yɛn ma yɛde "AI-powered MPPT" di dwuma ma buzz factor no. Yɛkɔ so ka kyerɛ no sɛ neural networks no ntease nnim ma saa application yi na ɛbɛma ɛka ne complexity aka ho kɛkɛ ama mfaso ankasa biara. Saa akyinnyegye yi akɔ so fi October. Fa mmoa mena.

MPPT

"Nanso ɛyɛ papa dɛn?" - Biara. Ankonam. Dwumadiwura. Nhyiamu.

Okay, enti nɔma ankasa bi a efi afuw mu sɔhwɛ ahorow mu a yɛde tuu mmirika wɔ 2022 mu nyinaa ni:

Wɔ yɛn installations wɔ Spain kesee fam (Málaga mantam mu, sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu a), yehui sɛ:

MPPT vs PWM: 25-30% ahoɔden a wɔatwa no sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛyɛ .

Nkɔso a eye sen biara: 45% (eyi wɔ December mu a na ne fã bi yɛ sunsuma) .

Nkɔso a enye koraa: 15% (mfinimfini-Awɔw bere, nna a emu da hɔ, bere a PWM mpo yɛ adwuma yiye koraa) .

Nkɔso no yɛ kɛse bere a:

Wo panel voltage no korɔn sen battery voltage .

Wowɔ shading fã bi .

Ɔhyew no gu ahorow pii .

Woayɛ panel ahorow a ɛne ne ho nhyia wɔ array no mu .

Ɛyɛ ketewa koraa bere a biribiara yɛ nea eye sen biara – a ne titiriw no ɛnyɛ da wɔ wiase ankasa mu.

Meremfa circuit diagram a ɛyɛ ma no nhyɛ wo so, nanso topology titiriw no ni:

MPPT controllers dodow no ara de buck converter (anamɔn-a ɛba fam), boost converter (anamɔn-UP), anaasɛ buck-boost converter (betumi ayɛ abien no nyinaa) di dwuma sɛ wɔn tumi gyinabea. Yɛtaa ne Buck Topology kɔ efisɛ solar panels dodow no ara yɛ voltage a ɛkorɔn sen battery a wɔde charge no.

Mpɛn pii no, ɔfã a ɛhwɛ so no wɔ:

A microcontroller (yɛde STM32 series di dwuma wɔ yɛn premium line mu) .

Voltage ne mprempren sensor ahorow .

Ɔhyew sensor ahorow (ma panel, battery, ne controller no ankasa) .

Obi a ɔde di dwuma no ntam nkitahodi (LCD screen, Bluetooth, nea ɛte biara) .

Ɛno ara ne no. Anwanwadeɛ no nyinaa wɔ software no mu – algorithm a ɛsi sɛdeɛ wɔbɛsiesie adwumayɛ beaeɛ no ho gyinaeɛ.

Yɛn mfonini foforo X-300 a yɛrefi ase ɔsram a edi hɔ no (ɔmanfo dawurubɔ wɔ SolarTech Expo wɔ Amsterdam wɔ March 8th – bra ka hi sɛ wowɔ hɔ a!) de dual-core processor di dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yebetumi ayɛ ahobammɔ ho nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ MPPT algorithm no. Bit overkill? Ebia. Nanso saa asɛm a esii wɔ akansifo no unit a ɛkyeree ogya wɔ Australia afe a etwaam no akyi (wɔammɔ din din, nanso ebia wotee ho asɛm), yɛmfa hokwan ahorow nkɔ.

"MPPT ma wo tumi pii fi wo panels mu".– Dabi. Wo panel no ma nea ɛde ba no ba a egyina owia hann so. MPPT hwɛ ara sɛ wode saa tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ no nyinaa redi dwuma sen sɛ wobɛsɛe no.

"Wo nhia MPPT a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe nketewa".- Nwura. Nhyehyɛe ketewaa bi mpo nya so mfaso. Sure, absolute energy gain no sua, nanso ɔha biara mu-wise ɛyɛ pɛ.

"MPPT yɛ ma grid-Tie nhyehyɛe nkutoo".– nso mfomso. Ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ma battery charging, a nokwarem no ɛyɛ baabi a yehu yɛn tɔn dodow no ara.

"MPT controllers nyinaa yɛ ade koro titiriw".– Ha! Ka saa kyerɛ Engineering kuw no. Yɛde asram pii optimizing efficiency, thermal management, ahotoso. Nanso mɛgye atom, ama obiara a ɔde di dwuma no, Chinafoɔ dan a ɛyɛ £50 ne yɛn £400 controller no .ayɛ sɛsɛ. Kosi sɛ nea ne bo yɛ mmerɛw no bedi nkogu wɔ asram asia akyi no, ɛne sɛ.

Hwɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ metɔn wo wɔ yɛn nneɛma so, nanso ma menni nokware (nka nkyerɛ me panyin sɛ mekaa eyi):

Sɛ wowɔ system ketewa paa (a ɛba fam 50W), cable run tiawa a, wo panel voltage no ne wo battery voltage hyia yiye, na wowɔ sikasɛm nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den so – PWM betumi ayɛ yiye. Wobɛgyae ahoɔden bi wɔ pon so, nanso ɛtɔ da bi a ɛno yɛ aguadi a wogye tom-off.

Yɛwɔ adetɔfoɔ bi afe a atwam no a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔma wim tebea ho gyinabea ketewa bi a ɛwɔ Scotland Highlands. 20W panel, 12V battery, £30 budget. Mekamfoo PWM controller a ne bo nyɛ den kyerɛe. Ɔtɔɔ yɛn MPPT unit no ɔkwan biara so efisɛ "na ɔpɛ nea eye sen biara." Fair enough, ɛyɛ ne sika, nanso ROI a ɛwɔ saa gyinaesi no so no, ebia ɛnyɛ da.

Ɛhe na saa mfiridwuma yi rekɔ? Wiɛ, yɛrehu nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛrekɔ so:

MPPT a wɔakyekyɛ .– Sɛ́ anka controller kɛse biako bɛma array no nyinaa no, optimizeers nketewa wɔ panel biara so. Ɛyɛ papa ma shading, nanso ɛde ɛka ne nsɛm a ɛyɛ den ka ho. Mprempren yɛresɔ eyinom ahwɛ wɔ nhwehwɛmu adwuma bi mu wɔ Norway.

Mununkum Nkitahodi .– Obiara pɛ sɛ wɔn solar controller no ne wɔn smartphone kasa. Ampa, dɛn nti na ɛnte saa. Yɛn app no yɛ fɛ yiye ankasa decent, mpo sɛ m’ankasa meka saa a. Wubetumi ahu real-bere adwumayɛ, abakɔsɛm mu data, na sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a, ɛbɛbɔ wo kɔkɔ. Yɛpiaa update bi dapɛn a atwam a ɛsiesie battery state-of-charge estimation – na ɛrekenkan bɛyɛ 5% dodo optimistic kan.

Algorithms a eye kyɛn so .– Eyi yɛ m’ankasa me ho a ɛhyɛ me so. Me ayɛ adwuma wɔ predictive algorithm a ɛde wim tebea ho nkɔmhyɛ data di dwuma de pre-emptively sesa tracking parameters no. So ɛyɛ adwuma? Ɛtɔ da a. So ɛfata sɛ wɔbɔ mmɔden? Jury da so ara wɔ abɔnten.

MPPT

ayɛ eyi bere tenten a ɛbɛma wɔahu mfomso ahorow a wɔtaa di:

Size no yiye .– Ntɔ 60A MPPT controller mma 10A panel. Ɛyɛ adesɛe. Saa ara nso na, mma ɛnnɔfa no sɛ wobɛkora sika so. Wobɛsɛe no kɛkɛ bere a wode panel afoforo bɛka ho akyiri yi no.

Ma ɛnyɛ nwini .– Saa nneɛma yi ma ɔhyew ba. Mfa nhyɛ adaka a wɔatoto mu mu wɔ owia hann tẽẽ mu. Yiw, nkurɔfo yɛ eyi ankasa. Dabi, mente nea enti a ɛte saa no ase.

Battery no hyew sensor .– Fa di dwuma! Ɛsɛ sɛ charging voltage yɛ temperature{0}}atua ho ka. Pia mu hyew ne Sahara mfinimfini hwehwɛ ahoɔden ahorow.

Cable sizing .– Yɛn nsa ka frɛ pii fa controllers a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ bere nyinaa undersized cables a ɛde voltage drop ba. Fa Bloody cable sizing calculator a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet no so no di dwuma.

Nsiesiei ho hia .– Default nhyehyeɛ no yɛ conservative. Kenkan nhoma no (minim, nyansahyɛ a ɛyɛ ahodwiriw) na hyehyɛ no ma wo battery pɔtee no.

Enti, dɛn ne MPPT? Ɛyɛ ne titiriw no smart electronic matchmaker a ɛhwɛ hu sɛ wo solar panel ne battery no reyɛ adwuma yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye, bere nyinaa sesa ma tebea horow a ɛresakra no squeeze biara a ebetumi aba watt fi wo nhyehyɛe mu.

So ɛfata? Wɔ instɔlehyɛn dodow no ara mu no, koraa. MPPT controller ho ka foforo a ɛboro PWM so no tua ne ho ka wɔ ahoɔden a wɔtwa no kɛse mu wɔ afe biako anaa abien mu.

So yɛyɛ animhwɛ esiane sɛ yɛtɔn wɔn nti? Gye di. Nanso yɛsan nso gye wɔn di, anyɛ saa a anka yɛremfa mfe 15 a atwam no nsiesie mfiridwuma no na yɛakyekye MPPT controllers a eye sen biara wɔ gua so no bi. (Na yiw, minim sɛ adwumakuw biara ka saa, nanso yɛn de no ankasa. Ko tia me.)

Anyway, sɛ woanya nsɛmmisa a, fa gu comments mu anaasɛ shoot me email. Anaasɛ nea eye sen saa no, kyere me wɔ Amsterdam Expo wɔ March mu. Me na mɛyɛ nea ɔnom kɔfe dodo na makyerɛkyerɛ MPPT mu akyerɛ obiara a obetie.

Oh, na plug a ɛyɛ ntɛm – fa wo MPPT no bɔ mu .ionic lithium batere .Sɛ wubetumi a. Su a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm no ma controller no yɛ adwuma yiye ankasa wɔ awɔw bere mu nna tiaa mu. Yɛasɔ saa combo yi ahwɛ fi afe a etwaam no na mfaso a wonya fi adwumayɛ mu no fata sɛ yɛka ho asɛm nokwarem.