Dɛn Ne Nneɛma a Ogya Ntumi Nhyew?

Me nsa kaa ɔfrɛ wɔ ɔsram a etwaam no mu fii pack assembler bi a ɔwɔ Ohio hɔ. Na n’adetɔfoɔ no pɛ sɛ ɔhunu deɛ enti a wɔn adekoradan insurance kɔɔ soro 40% wɔ berɛ a wɔfirii aseɛ siee lithium cells akyi. Ɔkyerɛwfo a ɔkyerɛw krataa no kaa thermal runaway ho asɛm. Nea ɔboaboa nneɛma ano no bisaa me nea obetumi aka akyerɛ wɔn wɔ electrolyte ahobammɔ ho. Mekaa asɛm koro no ara a meka kyerɛ obiara no kyerɛɛ no. Carbonate solvents a ɛwɔ wo nkwammoaa mu no bɛhyew. Asɛmmisa no ne nea woyɛ wɔ ho.

Ebia electrolyte no yɛ nkwammoaa bi mu duru 10-15%. Ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ. Eyinom ne adwuma apɔnkɔ. Wɔpete lithium nkyene yiye. Wɔma ions tu ntɛmntɛm. Wɔsan nso wɔ flash points a ɛwɔ 30-40℃range mu. Pouch cell a wɔato mu betumi abɔ digrii 200 wɔ ne mu wɔ nea ennu simma biako mu. Nkontaabu no nyɛ nea ɛyɛ den.

Phosphorus nnuru daa adi wɔ batere mu electrolytes mu bɛyɛ afe 2003. Trimethyl phosphate ne nea edi kan a nkurɔfo sɔɔ hwɛe anibere so. Ɛyɛ adwuma denam PO radicals a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew bere a ɛyɛ hyew no so. Saa radicals no gye hydrogen fi ogyaframa no anim na ɛto combustion chain reaction no mu. Wubetumi atwitwa bere a wode dum wo ho-fi 50+ sikani wɔ gram biara mu akɔsi digit biako so. Ade a wɔde di gua ne viscosity. Phosphates ma electrolyte no yɛ kɛse. Ion conductivity so tew. Wohwere rate tumi.

Wɔ nnwumakuw sourcing cells, bisa wolithium battery pack a wɔyɛ noɛfa electrolyte formulation ho no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adeyɛ a wɔtaa yɛ mprempren. Asase no asesa fi afe 2020. Mprempren Chinafo nkwammoaa yɛfo de nneɛma a wɔde phosphate-ester afrafra a ɛbɔ ogyaframa specs koro no ara a Japanfo nkwammoaa a wɔtɔn no bo mmɔho abien mfe anum a atwam ni no mena. Zhangjiagang Guotai-Huarong de electrolyte ma nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ atitiriw pii. Ahobammɔ mu nkɔso no akɔ fam.

Nneɛma a wɔde fluorine ayɛ no bae akyiri yi. Nnuru a wɔfrɛ no hydrofluoroethers. Fluorinated carbonates te sɛ FEC ne FEMC. Fluorine atɔm a ɛwɔ molecule no akyi dompe no sɛe radical propagation wɔ ɔkwan soronko so sen sɛnea phosphorus yɛ no. Nea afi mu aba no ye. Ɛka a wɔbɔ no nyɛ saa. Fluorinated nneɛma da so ara tu mmirika 3-5x nea wotua ma standard carbonates. Menim guys a specify wɔn wɔ 5-10% kɛkɛ sɛ wɔbɛbɔ safety threshold a wɔnsɛe wɔn bill of materials.

Ionic nsuo nyaa press pii bɛyɛ 2015-2018. Nhyɛso a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ zero. Ɛrenhyew wɔ ayayade tebea biara a ɛyɛ daa ase. Mekɔɔ adwumayɛbea bi a ɛwɔ Münster a na wɔde mfe asia ayɛ wɔn ho adwuma no mu. Nhwehwɛmufo no kyerɛɛ me nkwammoaa a etumi tra ase wɔ abɔnten so ɔhyew a ɛyɛ digrii 200 a mframa nkɔ mu. Ɔsan ka kyerɛɛ me sɛ wɔretua €85/kg wɔ ionic nsu no ho. EC/DMC afrafra a wɔtɔn no bo nnu €4/kg. Sikasɛm kum no maa kar ho nimdeɛ. Ahunmu nneɛma bi betumi agye saa ka no. Dodow no ara ntumi.

Gel polymer electrolytes fa ɔkwan foforo so. Wokyere nsuo no wɔ polymer matrix mu. PVDF-HFP abu so. Akuw binom yɛ phosphorus kɔ polymer akyi dompe no mu tẽẽ. Ogya a ɛmma ogya ntumi nkɔ mu no bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ Qingdao Sukuupɔn mu tintim adwuma a wɔyɛe afe a etwaam no wɔ polyimide nhyehyɛe ahorow a phosphazene nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn wom ho. Ankasa-dum bere a ennu sikani 5. Mfiri ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn araa ma ɛma dendrite nyin brɛoo. Asɛnnennen no ne nneɛma a wɔyɛ. Roll-to-roll a wɔde kata gel electrolytes so no nnyinii te sɛ nsu a wɔde hyɛ mu.

Bere a wɔresusuw ho aamanne kwan so lithium batere a wɔde masɛ wode bedi dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu a, bisa nsɛm pɔtee bi fa ahobammɔ ho. Dɛn ne SET a ɛwɔ wo electrolyte formulation no mu? Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew dodow ahe na wode redi dwuma? So wubetumi de cone calorimetry ho nsɛm ama? Nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ no bi bɛkyɛ saa nsɛm yi. Afoforo nso bu no sɛ ɛyɛ wɔn dea. Premium brands no taa tu mmirika 12-18% phosphate-based additive sɛnea emu duru wɔ wɔn standard kar nkwammoaa mu.

Nnwumakuw no sɔ ogyaframa a ɛmma wontumi nhyew no hwɛ wɔ akwan horow pii so. Bere a wɔde dum ne ho-no ne nea ɛyɛ ntɛm. Wohyew nhwɛsode bi na wode bere tenten a ɛhyew bere a woayi ogya fibea no afi hɔ awie no. Oxygen index a wobɛto ano hye no ma wuhu O2 dodow a ɛba fam koraa a ehia na ama ɔhyew no akɔ so atra hɔ. UL 2054 ne IEC 62133 de pass/fail gyinapɛn ahorow sii hɔ ma nkwammoaa a wɔawie. China GB 38031-2020 hwehwɛ simma 5 kɔkɔbɔ bere ansa na ɔhyew a ɛtrɛw no adu nkwammoaa a ɛbɛn ho wɔ pack mu. Saa spec no a wobehyia no taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde electrolytes a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew.

Nsɛm a wɔkae no maa asɛm yi kɔɔ anim. GM twee Bolt EV 140,000 san n’akyi firii afe 2021. Hyundai kaee Kona Electrics. Ford twee Lightning adwuma no ase. Ná ɛsono nea ɛde ba no ntini. Ná ebinom yɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu sintɔ ahorow. Ná ebinom yɛ nkwammoaa nhyehyɛe ho nsɛm. Wɔn nyinaa maa OEM adetɔ dwumadibea ahorow bisabisaa nsɛm a emu yɛ den. Biaralithium battery OEM ɔhokafomprempren a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛfata ama kar no hyia nhwehwɛmu kɛse wɔ ɔhyew ahobammɔ ho nkrataa mu sen sɛnea wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2019 mu.

Nneɛma ho ka ka bom yɛ sika ankasa wɔ nsenia mu. Kar a emu duru yɛ kWh 60 no kura bɛyɛ 40-50 kg electrolyte a egyina cell format ne loading so. Sɛ wode 15% ogya retardant ka ho wɔ $15/kg incremental cost kyerɛ $90-110 wɔ pack biara mu. Nkwammoaa mu ka a wɔbɔ no akɔ fam sen $100/kWh ama LFP prismatic nkwammoaa a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara a efi China. Saa ogya a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew no gyina hɔ ma bɛyɛ 1.5% wɔ nkwammoaa no ho ka mu. Akuw a wɔtɔ nneɛma gye akyinnye wɔ penny a wɔde ma wɔ kWh biara mu ho. Eyi nyɛ sika ketewaa bi.

Wɔ nnwumakuw a wɔne alithium battery module nhyiamu a wɔde ma, mpɛn pii no wobu ani gu electrolyte ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu no so wɔ nkɔmmɔbɔ ahorow a edi kan mu. Nkurɔfo de wɔn adwene si tumi, kyinhyia asetra, C-rate so. Ogya a ɛmma ogya ntumi nkɔ mu no da adi akyiri yi, mpɛn pii no bere a adetɔfo a wowie no bisa ahobammɔ ho nkrataa no. Edu saa bere no na wɔato nkwammoaa no nhyehyɛe mu. Retrofitting electrolyte formulation soronko betumi asesa impedance, tumi, ne onyin su. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu ansa na woadi kan akyerɛ.

Nhwehwɛmu afiri no wɔ adwuma a ɛyɛ anigye wɔ mu. Electrolytes a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse -de phosphate aduru a wɔde fluorinated ethers a ɛnyɛ -ogya afra mu di dwuma. Wonya ogya a ɛmma phosphates ntumi nhyew no ne viscosity ne conductivity a ɛwɔ atetesɛm carbonates mu. Argonne atintim eyi ho nhoma. Sukuupɔn akuw pii a ɛwɔ China reyɛ nsakrae ahorow ho adwuma. Commercial availability yɛ ebia mfe 2-3 fi adi ma kar grade.

Solid-state cells bɛdi ogya ho haw no ho dwuma koraa. Ceramic ne sulfide electrolytes nhyew. Wɔn nso nni hɔ wɔ kar a wɔyɛ no kɛse mu de besi nnɛ. CATL, Samsung SDI, Toyota, ne QuantumScape nyinaa apia wɔn solid-state timelines akɔ akyiri mfe 2-4 wɔ nnansa yi amanneɛbɔ ahorow mu. Biaralithium battery ahobammɔ ano aduru a wɔde mabɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ ogyaframa nsuo electrolytes da so ara yɛ mmuaeɛ a mfasoɔ wɔ so kɔsi anyɛ yie koraa no 2028 wɔ dwumadie dodoɔ no ara mu.

Mede mfe dunum yɛɛ ɔhaw yi ho adwuma wɔ dwumadi ahorow mu. Mfiridwuma no anya nkɔso. Ɛka a wɔbɔ no so atew. Nkwammoaa mu ogya da so ara kɔ so. Ɛntaa nsi sɛnea na ɛte mfe du a atwam ni no, na nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no sie ahoɔden pii sen nkwammoaa a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no. Nnwuma no kɔɔ ɔkwan pa so. Adwuma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ.