Nsakraeɛ a ɛfiri lead-acid kɔ lithium-ion battery systems wɔ electric forklift applications mu no gyina hɔ ma mfiridwuma mu nsakraeɛ a ɛho hia paa wɔ nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ho nnwinnadeɛ mu wɔ mfeɛ du a atwam no mu baako.Lithium dade phosphate (lifepo4) .Chemistry ada adi sɛ ano aduru titiriw ma mfiridwuma mu atirimpɔw tumi a wɔde di dwuma, a ɛma ahoɔden densities a ɛwɔ 120-180Wh/kg ntam sɛ wɔde toto 30-50Wh/kg a ɛyɛ atetesɛm lead-acid nhyehyɛe ahorow no su ho a. Saa electrochemical mfaso yi kyerɛ ase tẽẽ kɔ adwumayɛ mu mmɔdenbɔ mu mfaso horow a adekoradan so ahwɛfo ne wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔde kɔ mmeae ahorow ntumi mmu wɔn ani ngu so.
Nea enti a obiara dwen eyi ho mpofirim .
Here’s the thing about forklifts a nnipa dodow no ara a wonni adwuma no mu nnim: saa mfiri yi tu mmirika bere nyinaa. Yɛrekasa 16, ɛtɔ da bi a nnɔnhwerew 20 da biara wɔ mmeae akɛse a wɔkyekyɛ nneɛma. Ɔkwan dedaw a wɔfa so yɛ nneɛma-swapping out heavy lead-acid battery, hwɛ battery rooms a wɔatu ho ama a ɛwɔ acid-a ɛko tia fam ne mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma, a mfiridwumayɛfo hwɛ nsu dodow dapɛn biara-saa infrastructure mũ no nyinaa bɛyɛ obsolete ne lithium mfiridwuma.
Mahu sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma no sɛe sika bɛboro dɔla 50,000 wɔ batere dan a wɔasi no ho ara kwa. Acid fumes, spill containment, eyewash stations, nhyehyɛe no nyinaa. Lithium packs no mfa saa nneɛma no biara ho. Wubetumi abɔ wɔn sobo wɔ wo adekoradan no ntwea so. Ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ dan titiriw biara.
Chemistry asɛmmisa no .
Ɛnyɛ lithium batere nyinaa na wɔabɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na eyi ho hia sen sɛnea adetɔfo dodow no ara hu.
LFP (lithium dade phosphate) .di forklift gua so wɔ ntease pa mu. Thermal runaway threshold no te bɛyɛ digrii 270 , sɛ wɔde toto bɛyɛ digrii 150 ho ma NCM nnuruyɛ. Sɛ woreyɛ mfiri a emu yɛ duru wɔ mmeae a nsunsuansoɔ ba-ɛfiri sɛ momma yɛnka nokware a, forklift adwumayɛfoɔ no bɔ nneɛma-saa ahobanbɔ margin no bɛyɛ non{6}}a wɔrentumi nsusu ho. Kyinkyin asetena taa firi 2,500 kɔsi 4,000 wɔ cycle mu wɔ 80% bun mu.
NCM ne NCA batere ahorow no da adi bere ne bere mu, dodow no ara wɔ awɔw mu nneɛma a wɔde sie a ɛyɛ soronko a wɔn soro a ɛba fam-temperature discharge su no ma asiane ho nhyehyɛe ahwehwɛde afoforo no yɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso wɔyɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko.
LTO (lithium titanate) fata sɛ wɔka ho asɛm efisɛ ebinom a wɔyɛ nneɛma no pia no denneennen ma Ultra-a ɛyɛ ntɛm charge scenarios. Mfiridwuma no yɛ adwuma-Wobɛtumi agye saa packs yi charge ankasa wɔ 15-20 minutes-nanso energy density penalty no mu yɛ den. Worehwɛ bɛyɛ 70Wh/kg. Wɔ oprehyɛn dodow no ara fam no, akontaabu no ntumi nyɛ adwuma.
Nea ɛkɔ so ankasa wɔ pack no mu .
Ebia batere sohwɛ nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ ade a wɔmfa nyɛ hwee kɛse wɔ nhyiam no nyinaa mu. BMS pa yɛ pii sen sɛ wobesiw ogya ano.
Nkwammoaa a ɛkari pɛ nkutoo betumi atrɛw pack nkwa mu 20-30%. Nkwammoaa ankorankoro a ɛwɔ module bi mu no benyin a wontumi nkwati wɔ dodow soronko kakra mu esiane nsakrae a ɛba ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro wɔ bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma no nti. Sɛ woankari pɛ denneennen a, wo nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara no bɛyɛ ade a ɛto ano hye ma pack no nyinaa. Nhyehyɛe no titiriw bɛyɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn-nkutoo-sɛ{7}}ayɛ den-sɛ{9}}ne{10}}akwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara.
State of charge estimation wɔ lithium chemisries mu no de mfiridwuma mu nsɛnnennen ankasa ba. Voltage curve a ɛwɔ LFP nkwammoaa mu no yɛ petee wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so wɔ mfinimfini 60% a ɛwɔ discharge cycle no mu. Worentumi nsusuw voltage kɛkɛ na woanya SOC sɛnea wubetumi de lead-acid. Nnɛyi nhyehyɛe ahorow de Coulomb akontaabu a wɔaka abom ne Kalman filtering ne bere ne bere mu recalibration a egyina reference points a wonim so (a ɛyɛ charge voltage, discharge endpoints) so.
Ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so no si wɔ mmeae pii-mpɛn pii no 8-12 nkwammoaa-a shutdown protocols triggering sɛ sensor biara boro threshold values a. Can bus nkitahodi no de saa data yi kɔ forklift no controller titiriw no so bere nyinaa.
Sika ho nkɔmmɔbɔ .
Eyi ne baabi a nneɛma yɛ anigye, na baabi a mahu sɛ akuw a wɔkra nneɛma no di mfomso a ne bo yɛ den.
Prithium pack bo a edi kan no yɛ bɛyɛ 2.5 kosi 3 a ɛyɛ lead a ɛne no sɛ-acid battery no bo yɛ mmɔho 2.5 kosi 3. Saa dodow no ma nkurɔfo suro. Ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ saa, nanso ɛyɛ saa.
Susuw 80V/500AH application a ɛyɛ nea wɔtaa de di dwuma a ɛyɛ adwuma abien ho:
Lead-acid scenario hwehwɛ battery packs mmienu (baako a wɔde charge bere a biako yɛ adwuma), charger, battery handling equipment, ne battery room infrastructure a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Wo nso woresesa saa batere no mfe 4- 5 biara. Adwumayɛfo ka a wɔbɔ wɔ da biara da batere a wɔde sesa nneɛma ho no de simma 15-20 a wɔayɛ no foforo biara ka ho, mprenu da biara, wɔ nea ɛyɛ wo adwumayɛfo dodow a wɔde ahyɛ mu no mu.
Lithium pack no di mfe 8-10 a wɔhwɛ so yiye. Swapping biara nni hɔ. Battery dan biara nni hɔ. Hokwan a wɔde bɔ ka wɔ ahomegye bere mu no ma ɛkɔ so yɛ adwuma daa.
Fa TCO akontabuo no di dwuma wɔ 10-afe horizon so na lithium taa di nkonim 25-40%, ɛgyina mpɔtam hɔ anyinam ahoɔden ho ka ne adwumayɛfoɔ ka so kɛseɛ. Operations abiɛsa a wɔde sesa no Hwɛ Payback wɔ asram 18-24 mu. Ebia application ahorow a wɔde sesa ade biako no renkɔ payback da, na ɛno nti na bere nyinaa mibisa utilization patterns ho asɛm ansa na makamfo biribiara akyerɛ.
Awɔw a wɔde sie: Aboa soronko bi .
Freezer applications a ɛwɔ ase -20℃no de nsɛnnennen soronko a ɛfata nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛsono emu biara ma.
Standard lithium packs nya tumi a ɛso tew kɛse wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu{0}}Ɛtɔ mmere bi a 30-40% hwere wɔ -25℃. ionic conductivity a ɛwɔ electrolyte no mu no so tew kɛse. Nneɛma a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ mu no kɔ soro. Mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔbɛbɔ aduru a ɛyɛ nwini kɛse no ho ban no de asiane ba sɛ lithium a wɔde bɛhyɛ anode no so, a ɛsɛe nkwammoaa koraa na ɛde ahobammɔ ho asiane ba.
Botaeɛ-Biilt Cold Storage Battery de ɔhyew nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛyɛ adwuma ansa na wɔafiri aseɛ abɔ no ka ho. Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no bi de ɔhyew a ɛko tia ɔhyew di dwuma; Afoforo nso di akɔneaba wɔ coolant a ɛyɛ hyew mu. Pack no rennye charge no ntom kosi sɛ cell temperature bɛboro threshold a ɛba fam koraa, mpɛn pii no bɛyɛ 0℃.
Eyi de nsɛm a ɛyɛ den, ɛka, ne huammɔdi a ebetumi aba ka ho. Nanso alternative-Bringing batteries out to ambient temperature ansa na wɔabɔ-defeat adwumayɛ mu mfaso horow a ɛfata lithium sika a wɔde ahyɛ mu no wɔ nea edi kan no mu.
Installation nokwasɛm ahorow .
Plug-ne-play marketing no nka asɛm no nyinaa.
Mu duru a wɔkyekyɛ no ho hia kɛse wɔ forklifts a ɛkari pɛ a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ mu. Lead-Acid battery yɛ adwuma sɛ ballast a ɛho hia; Wɔayɛ lɔre no ho mfonini ankasa atwa saa kɛse no ho ahyia. Lithium packs no mu duru sua 50-70%. Wɔn a wɔyɛ no dodow no ara de dade ballast mprɛte ka ho na ama wɔatumi atua ka, nanso eyi hia mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a ɛfata. Mahu nsakrae a wɔanyɛ no yiye wɔ baabi a lɔre ahorow bɛyɛɛ nea entumi nnyina wɔ adesoa ase.
Charger compatibility nso nyɛ nea wɔahyɛ ho bɔ. Lead-Acid charger ahorow no de charging profiles soronko titiriw-Bulk, absorption, equalization stages-a ɛbɛsɛe lithium nkwammoaa. Wohia lithium-afiri pɔtee bi a wɔde charge a ɛwɔ CC-CV curves ne BMS nkitahodi tumi a ɛfata.
Ɛtɔ da bi a, mounting dimensions no yɛ adwuma, ɛtɔ da bi nso a ɛnyɛ saa. Battery compartment mu nsakrae nyɛ ade foforo.
Adansedi nkyerɛwde soup .
Obiara a ɔretɔ batere no, mmara kwan so tebea no bi ne:
UN38.3 ma akwantuo mu ahobanbɔ (ɛyɛ ahyɛdeɛ sɛ wɔde bɛmena) .
IEC 62619 a ɛkata mfiridwuma mu lithium batere so pɔtee .
UL 2580 wɔ Amerika Atifi fam gua ahorow so .
CE agyiraehyɛde ma Europafo a wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ adwuma .
Mfa batere a wungye ho nkrataa a ɛfata mma. Eyi nyɛ asodi ho ahobammɔ kɛkɛ-Ɛyɛ mfitiase nokwaredi sɛ obi sɔɔ ade no hwɛe ankasa ansa na ɔretɔn.
nsiesie (anaasɛ nea enni hɔ) .
Mfaso ankasa no mu biako: ɛkame ayɛ sɛ lithium pack ahorow no nhia sɛ wosiesie no daa biara.
Nsu a wɔde gu mu biara nni hɔ. No equalization charge biara nni hɔ. Acid neutralization biara nni hɔ. Nkyene a ɛba awiei biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛtew ho. BMS no di kari pɛ ho dwuma ara kwa.
Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ: bere ne bere mu aniwa nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa honam fam ɔsɛe, connector tebea checks, ne data nhwehwɛmu fi monitoring nhyehyɛe. Software dodow no ara a wɔhwɛ po so ahyɛn so no tumi hyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛkyerɛ nneyɛe a ɛnteɛ ansa na abɛyɛ ɔhaw ahorow no agyirae.
Monitoring piece no ho hia sen sɛnea nkurɔfo hu. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi ma wonya nhwehwɛmu ho nsɛm a ɛho hia. sɛ wɔde di dwuma de nsiyɛ a, ɛtrɛw pack nkwa mu; Sɛ wubu w’ani gu so a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wode batere besi ananmu ntɛm sen sɛnea ɛho hia.
Nyansapɛ a ɛfa charge ho no sesa .
Hokwan a wɔde gye sika no sesa sɛnea oprehyɛn ahorow susuw nnwinnade sohwɛ ho no titiriw.
Lead-acid battery pɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma a edi mũ-charge cycles. Ɔfã bi charge ma memory effects ne stratification ho nsɛm ba. Ne titiriw no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo battery a wode bedi dwuma ho nhyehyɛe.
Lithium nkwammoaa no pɛ sɛ wɔkyinkyini fã bi. Charging from 40% kɔsi 80% wɔ awia ahomegye bere mu no yɛ papa-MMƆBƆ, nokwarem no. Sɛ wokɔ so nya ahoɔden a ɛwɔ 20% ne 80% ntam a, ɛma cycle asetra yɛ kɛse. Wogyae battery sohwɛ ho adwene sɛ adwumayɛ adwuma a ɛda nsow na wufi ase di ho dwuma sɛ akyi dwumadi a ɛkɔ so.
Eyi ma wotumi yɛ nokware multi-Shift adwumayɛ a battery nsakrae nni mu. Pack baako, lɔre baako, 24-dɔnhwerew a wɔde kata so. Nneɛma a ɛma adwumayɛ ba wɔ mmeae a ɛkɔ soro no yɛ kɛse.
baabi a nneɛma nkɔ yiye .
huammɔdi akwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma a ɛfata sɛ wote ase:
- BMS huammɔdi ahorow .Bu akontaa ma ɔha biara mu nkyekyem a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛfa warranty ho. Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri no te tebea a emu yɛ den mu-wosow, ɔhyew a ɛdannan, anyinam ahoɔden dede a efi motor controllers mu. Nneɛma pa gu ahorow kɛse wɔ wɔn a wɔyɛ no mu.
- Contactor welding .Ɛba bere a main power contactors fuse closed, mpɛn pii no esiane inrush current events nti. Nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔayɛ no yiye no bi ne pre-charge circuits a ɛbɛma eyi asiw. cheap designs ɛtɔ da bi a ɛnyɛ saa.
- Nkitahodi mu mfomso ahorow .BMS ne forklift controller no ntam betumi agyaw lɔre ahorow a ɛkɔ so bere mpo a battery no ankasa yɛ adwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ no. betumi bɔs dwumadie no yiedie ho nsɛm.
Nkwammoaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no si nanso wɔntaa nyɛ saa wɔ wɔn a wɔyɛ a wɔwɔ din pa no ho. Sɛ ɛba a, modular pack designs ma kwan ma wɔsesa module ahorow a ɛka ho no sen sɛ wɔde battery no nyinaa bɛsesa.
Hwɛ w’anim .
Solid-State battery da so ara yɛ "mfe anum akyi" daa ma kar dwumadie, nanso mfiridwuma berɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛfa mfiridwuma mu adwene tumi ho no bɛyɛ sɛ ɛtrɛ kɔ akyiri. Mprempren nsu mu electrolyte nhyehyɛe ahorow no yɛ adwuma yiye araa ma nhyɛso a wɔde si ananmu no sua.
Nea ɛyɛ anigye kɛse a ɛbɛn-bere mu nkɔso ahorow no bi ne silicon-anode nkwammoaa a ebetumi apia ahoɔden density a atwam 200Wh/kg, ne ɛka a wɔtew so bere a nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɔ soro no. Battery-Sɛnea{5}}A-Service models renya traction, titiriw ma adwumayɛ nketewa a entumi nnye sika kɛse a wɔsɛe no.
Trajectory no mu da hɔ pefee. Forklift foforo a wɔtɔn no kɛse default kɔ lithium nhyehyɛe ahorow so. Lead-Acid no nyera anadwo anadwo-A base kɛseɛ bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde ahyɛ mu na mfiridwuma no kɔ so yɛ sikasɛm mu nteaseɛ ma low-utilization applications-nanso nsakraeɛ no atwam ne tipping point.
Sɛ́ ebia ntease wɔ saa mfiridwuma yi mu no, ntease wom ma oprehyɛn pɔtee bi no gyina nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri so koraa: nnɔnhwerew a wɔde di dwuma, nsakrae a wɔyɛ wɔ nsakrae mu, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia tebea horow, sika kɛse a wobetumi anya, ne nneɛma a wɔde di kan wɔ adwumayɛ mu. Amansan nyinaa mmuae biara nni hɔ. Nanso sɛnea saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi yɛ adwuma ankasa no ntease a yɛbɛte ase-atɔn nneɛma a wɔde di gua-yɛ anammɔn a edi kan a ɛho hia a ɛbɛma wɔasi gyinae a ɛfata.
