Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobebu sɛnea wɔbɔ ka no ho akontaa?
SOC akontaabu
Batere tebea (SOC) yɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara bere a wɔde batere redi dwuma no mu biako. Esiane sɛ nneɛma te sɛ charge/discharge rate (mprempren), ɔhyew, self-discharge, ne onyin na ɛka SOC nti, battery da nonlinearity a ɛkorɔn adi bere a wɔde redi dwuma no, na ɛma SOC akontaabu a edi mu yɛ den.
SOC akontabuo akwan
Wɔtaa de di dwumaSOC akontabuo akwanfa discharge experiment kwan, ampere-hour integration kwan, open-circuit voltage kwan, adesoa voltage kwan, emu resistance kwan, neural network kwan, ne Kalman filtering kwan ka ho.
1) Discharge sɔhwɛ kwan. Discharge experiment kwan no ne SOC akontabuo kwan a wotumi de ho to so sen biara. Ɛde nsuo a ɛkɔ so daa di dwuma ma nsuo a ɛkɔ so gu mu, na nea ɛfiri nsuo a ɛfiri mu ba ne berɛ mu ne ahoɔden a aka no. Wɔtaa de ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma a wɔde yi gu mu no di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow mu na wɔde di dwuma wɔ batere nyinaa mu, nanso ɛwɔ sintɔ atitiriw abien: nea edi kan no, egye bere pii; nea ɛto so abien no, ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa batere no dwumadi mu. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma a wɔde yi mframa gu mu no mfata mma kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom a ɛretu, nanso wobetumi de asiesie kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom batere.
2)Ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan. Ampere-hour integration kwan no ne SOC akontabuo kwan a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Nanso, saa kwan yi wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a edidi so yi: ɛnyɛ nokwaremprempren susuduaɛde SOC akontabuo mu kwan a ɛkɔ akyiri ba, na mfomsoɔ boaboa ano wɔ berɛ mu na ɛyɛ kɛseɛ; ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw charge-discharge ahoɔden a ɛwɔ battery no mu ho; mfomsoɔ yɛ kɛseɛ wɔ tebea a ɛkorɔn-ɔhyeɛ mu anaa berɛ a batere no sakra basabasa. Wobetumi adi mprempren susudua a ɛnteɛ ho dwuma denam mprempren sensor ahorow a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye-a wɔde bedi dwuma so, nanso ɛka no kɔ soro; charge-discharge efficiency ano aduru hwehwɛ sɛ wodi nhwehwɛmu data pii mu yiye na wɔde empirical formulas si hɔ ma charge-discharge efficiency. Wobetumi de ampere-hour integration kwan no adi dwuma ama anyinam ahoɔden kar batere nyinaa. Sɛ mprempren susudua no yɛ nokware na nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso wɔ hɔ ma mfitiaseɛ akontabuo tebea no a, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ SOC akontabuo kwan a ɛnyɛ den na wotumi de ho to so.
3)Open-circuit ahoɔden kwan. Battery bi a ɛbue-circuit voltage a ɛwɔ discharge no awiei no bɛn battery electromotive force no. Electromotive force a cobalt-acid battery mu no yɛ adwuma a ɛfa electrolyte dodow ho, a ɛso tew sɛnea battery no fi mu ba no, enti wobetumi de open-circuit voltage no adi dwuma de asusuw SOC ho. Linearity a ɛwɔ open-circuit voltage versus SOC abusuabɔ ma MH/Ni battery ne lithium{9}}ion battery no nyɛ papa te sɛ cobalt-acid battery no, nanso wɔn abusuabɔ a ɛne no hyia no da so ara betumi adi dwuma de asusuw SOC ho, titiriw a nea efi mu ba no ye wɔ charge mfiase ne awiei. Mfomsoɔ titire a ɛwɔ open-circuit voltage kwan no so ne sɛ ɛhia sɛ battery no home kyɛ na ama voltage no ayɛ den, na ɛgye nnɔnhwereɛ pii anaa bɛboro nnɔnhwereɛ du mpo ansa na battery tebea no asan afiri adwumayɛ mu akɔ gyinabea, a ɛde nsɛnnennen bi ba wɔ susudua mu bere tenten a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhome nso yɛ ɔhaw, enti sɛ wɔde saa kwan yi nkutoo di dwuma a, ɛfata ma kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom wɔ tebea a esi hɔ nkutoo mu. Open-circuit voltage kwan no wɔ SOC akontabuo adwumayɛ pa wɔ charging mfitiaseɛ ne n’awieɛ na wɔtaa de di dwuma de ka ampere-hour integration kwan no bom.
4)Adesoa voltage kwan. Sɛ ntɛm ara discharge no fi ase a, voltage no sesa ntɛmntɛm fi open-circuit voltage tebea no mu kɔ adesoa voltage tebea no mu. Sɛ battery load current no kɔ so yɛ daa a, load voltage nsakraeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛwɔ SOC no te sɛ open-circuit voltage a ɛwɔ SOC. Mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ load voltage kwan no so ne sɛ ɛtumi bu SOC a ɛwɔ battery pack no mu wɔ berɛ ankasa mu na ɛwɔ aba pa wɔ daa-current discharge mu. Wɔ nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so mu no, ofirikafo no batere ahoɔden de nsɛnnennen ba adesoa ahoɔden a wɔde bedi dwuma no mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi ɔhaw yi ho dwuma no, akontaabu nhwɛso a ɛfa battery voltage data, independent dynamic load voltage, ne SOC ho hia; enti, wɔntaa mfa load voltage kwan no nni dwuma wɔ kar ankasa mu nanso wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ gyinapɛn a wɔde kyerɛ battery charge-discharge cutoff.
5) Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Tia Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Mu. Wɔakyekyɛ battery mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no mu ayɛ no AC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia ne DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia, a abien no nyinaa ne SOC (State of Charge) wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse. Battery AC impedance yɛ adwuma a ɛfa battery voltage ne current ntam, nsakraeɛ a ɛyɛ den a egyina hɔ ma battery no ahoɔden a ɛko tia AC current, na wɔde AC impedance mita susuw. Battery AC impedance no nya ɔhyew so nkɛntɛnso kɛse; sɛ ebia wɔbɛsusu no wɔ open-circuit tebea mu bere a battery no asiesie akyi anaasɛ bere a wɔrebɔ na wɔrebɔ no yɛ akyinnyegye na wɔntaa mfa nni dwuma wɔ kar ankasa mu. DC mu ahoɔden gyina hɔ ma battery no ahoɔden a ɛko tia DC current, a ɛne nsakraeɛ a ɛba battery voltage ne nsakraeɛ a ɛba current mu wɔ berɛ tiawa bi mu no yɛ pɛ. Wɔ susudua ankasa mu no, wɔbɔ batere no charge anaasɛ wɔtow gu wɔ current a ɛkɔ so daa a efi ase fi open-circuit tebea mu; nsonsonoe a ɛda adesoa ahoɔden ne open-circuit voltage ntam wɔ bere koro no ara mu, a wɔakyekyɛ mu mprempren bo no ne DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia. Wɔ lead-acid batere ho no, DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no kɔ soro kɛse wɔ akyiri yi bere a wɔde fi mu no mu na wobetumi de asusuw batere no SOC ho; DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nsakraeɛ a ɛwɔ MH/Ni batere ne lithium{11}}ion batere mu no yɛ soronko wɔ lead-acid batere mu na wɔntaa mfa nni dwuma. DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no kɛse no nya nkɛntɛnso wɔ bere a wɔde bu akontaa no so. Sɛ bere no yɛ tiaa sen 10ms a, ohmic mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no nkutoo na wobetumi ahu; sɛ bere no kyɛ a, emu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den kɛse. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesusuw nkwammoaa biako mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na ɛno yɛ DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no no sintɔ. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so ko tia wɔ mu no fata sɛ wɔde bu battery tebea (SOC) ho akontaa wɔ akyiri yi bere a ɛbɛbɔ no mu na wobetumi de adi dwuma de aka ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan no ho.
6)Neural network kwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma. Battery yɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛnyɛ linear kɛseɛ, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ akontabuo nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ama ne charge-discharge nhyehyɛeɛ. Ntini mu nkitahodi ahorow wɔ su atitiriw a ɛnyɛ linear, nhyehyɛe a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ, ne adesua tumi. Wobetumi ayɛ outputs a ɛne no hyia ama abɔnten excitations na wɔnam saayɛ so ayɛ battery dynamic su ahorow de asusuw SOC ho. Wɔtaa de 3-layer neural network a wɔtaa de di dwuma de bu battery SOC ho akontaa: neurons dodow a ɛwɔ input ne output layers no mu no gyina ɔhaw ankasa a wɔhwehwɛ na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ linear function; ntini dodow a ɛwɔ ɔfa a ahintaw no mu no gyina ɔhaw no mu den ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ so. Nneɛma a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ input variables mu de bu battery SOC ho akontaa no bi ne voltage, current, accumulated discharged capacity, temperature, emu resistance, ne ambient temperature. Sɛ ebia neural network input variables a wɔpaw no fata na sɛ variables dodow no fata no nya model no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ ne kɔmputa so adesoa no so nkɛntɛnso tẽẽ. Neural network kwan no fa batere ahodoɔ ho, nanso ne sintɔ ne sɛ ɛhia reference data dodoɔ bi ma nteteeɛ, na akontabuo mfomsoɔ no nya nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ nteteeɛ data ne nteteeɛ kwan no so.
7)Kalman afiri a wɔde yiyi mu. Adwene titiriw a ɛwɔ Kalman filter theory mu ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ akontaabu a eye sen biara wɔ tebea a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nnam mu wɔ ntease a ɛne sɛ ɛyɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi mu. Sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ battery SOC akontabuo mu a, wobu battery no sɛ ɛyɛ dynamic system na SOC yɛ ne mu tebea no mu baako. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa Kalman filter kwan a wɔfa so bu battery SOC ho no afi ase wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu nkutoo. Saa kwan yi fata ma batere ahodoɔ na sɛ wɔde toto akwan foforɔ ho a, ɛfata titire ma SOC akontabuo a ɛfa anyinam ahoɔden kar batere a ɛwɔ mprempren nsakraeɛ kɛseɛ ho. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛde SOC akontabuo nko na ɛma na mmom ɛma SOC akontabuo mfomsoɔ nso. Nanso, ɔhaw a ɛwɔ saa kwan yi so ne sɛ algorithm no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den dodo na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe no tumi yɛ kɔmputa so tumi a ɛkorɔn, enti ennya nkɔɔ ɔfã a mfaso wɔ so no mu.
Ɛnam -nhwehwɛmu a emu dɔ so wɔ SOC akontabuo akwan ahodoɔ so no, wɔpaw ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan no mfitiaseɛ sɛ nnyinasoɔ. Ɛdenam batere ahoɔden a wɔsusu no pɛpɛɛpɛ, a wɔde ka open-circuit voltage kwan no ho na wosusuw nneɛma te sɛ battery charge-discharge a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye, ɔhyew, onyin, ne ankasa-discharge so no, wonya ahoɔden batere a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar a ɛho tew mu no sohwɛ a ɛyɛ nnam. Wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar a ɛho tew fam no, battery pack no titiriw yɛ adwuma wɔ full-charge ne full-discharge tebea mu, a charging nhyehyɛe no mu dodow no ara yɛ daa-current charge. Sɛ wɔbɔ charge wie a, mfitiaseɛ boɔ a wɔsi gyinaeɛ beaeɛ a ɛyɛ den kakra wɔ hɔ (sɛ wɔbɔ charge wie a, SOC yɛ 100% anaasɛ wɔbɔ no boro so kakra). Sɛ charge-discharge efficiency a battery pack no yɛ kɛse paa (boro 95%) a, wobetumi asusuw charge-discharge efficiency no sɛ 1 anaasɛ ɛne boɔ pɔtee bi a ɛkɔ so daa yɛ pɛ. Sɛ wɔde saa kwan yi di dwuma de bu SOC ho akontaa a, ebetumi ama wɔanya nea eye kakra. Mfomsoɔ a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ charge-discharge cycle biara mu no, wɔyi firi hɔ titire berɛ a wɔawie charge a ɛdi hɔ no ka ho ne recalibration a ɛwɔ SOC boɔ a ɛdi kan no.
Ɛnam sɛ wɔbɛyɛ batere ahoɔden, mprempren, ne ɔhyew ho nsɛm a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛkorɔn-de ahwɛ sɛ SOC akontabuo nsɛm a wɔde hyɛ mu no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ; denam batere ho nhwɛso a etu mpɔn a wɔde besi hɔ denam nsusuwii mu nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu data a wɔde bɛhyɛ mu so; denam SOC a wɔbɛteɛteɛ wɔ charge ne discharge awiei de ayi SOC mfomso a wɔaboaboa ano no afi hɔ; na ɛdenam battery charge-discharge efficiency factors, ɔhyew, onyin, ne ankasa{2}}discharge nsunsuanso a wosusuw ho so no, wonya nhyehyɛe SOC ho akontaabu a ɛkorɔn-pɛpɛɛpɛ. Battery tebea-a ɛwɔ-charge estimation algorithm no wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 17-12 mu.
(1) SOC mfitiaseɛ boɔ akontabuo kwanSOC mfitiaseɛ boɔ no nam SOC a wɔde asie wɔ power-off ne SOC a wɔnya firi temperature-OCV-SOC hwehwɛ pon no so no dodoɔ a wɔde coefficient a ɛfa system offline time ho no so nya. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkenkan SOC mfitiaseɛ boɔ no berɛ biara a nhyehyɛeɛ no bɛsɔ.
(2) Nkontaabuo a ɛfa ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC boɔ ho ne ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC boɔ a wɔteɛ a egyina SOH boɔ soWɔnam ɔhyew ne charge current a wɔde hwɛ pon no so na wonya battery ahoɔden no, na wɔde SOH siesie pon no so. Wɔde ampere-hour kwan no na ɛka mprempren no bom na afei wɔkyekyɛ mu denam tumi a wɔde benya SOC nsakrae bo no so. Wɔde SOC nsakraeɛ boɔ no ka mfitiaseɛ boɔ no ho na ama wɔanya ankorankoro cell SOC boɔ no.
(3) Nkontaabu a ɛfa battery pack SOC hoSɛ wɔsan hyɛ nhyehyɛe no mu ahoɔden a, wɔfa akenkan SOC mfitiase bo no sɛ battery pack SOC; sɛ ɛwɔ discharge tebea mu a, battery pack SOC no kenkan boɔ a ɛsua koraa wɔ ankorankoro cell SOC ahodoɔ no mu; sɛ wɔ charging tebea mu na charging no nwiei a, battery pack SOC kenkan module SOC bo a ɛsen biara; sɛ ɛwɔ charging tebea mu na wɔawie charging a, wɔde battery pack SOC no asi 1.
(4)Ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC nteɛso kwan wɔ charge/discharge awieiSɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ charging tebea mu na battery pack SOC no boro 0.8 a, wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe no mu sɛ ɛwɔ charging awiei; sɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ tebea a ɛma nsu fi mu na battery pack SOC no nnu 0.3 a, wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe no mu sɛ ɛwɔ afiri a ɛretu no awiei. Sɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ charge/discharge awiei a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔteɛteɛ SOC no. SOC akontabuo kwan a ɛwɔ charge/discharge awieeɛ ne sɛ wobɛnya SOC boɔ no denam hwɛ a wobɛhwɛ pon no so denam ɔhyew, charge/discharge current, ne voltage a wobɛhwɛ so.
