Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asusuw sɛnea wɔbɔ ka no ho?
SOC akontaabu .
Battery tebea (SOC) tebea no yɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ batere a wɔde di dwuma mu no mu biako. Esiane sɛ SOC nya nkɛntɛnso wɔ nneɛma te sɛ charge/discharge rate (mprempren), ɔhyew, self-discharge, ne onyin nti, batere da nonlinearity a ɛkorɔn adi bere a wɔde redi dwuma no, na ɛma SOC akontaabu a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no yɛ den.
SOC akontabuo akwan .
a wɔtaa de di dwuma .SOC akontabuo akwan .Fa ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma gu, ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan, bue-Circuit voltage kwan, adesoa ahoɔden kwan, ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyina ano, neural network kwan, ne Kalman filtering kwan.
1) discharge experiment kwan. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma gu no ne SOC akontaabu kwan a wotumi de ho to so sen biara. Ɛde current a ɛkɔ so daa di dwuma ma continuous discharge, na product a ɛwɔ discharge current no mu na bere no yɛ charge a aka. Wɔtaa de ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma gu no di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow mu na wɔde di dwuma wɔ batere nyinaa mu, nanso ɛwɔ sintɔ ahorow abien a ɛho hia: nea edi kan no, egye bere pii; Nea ɛto so abien no, ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa batere no adwumayɛ mu. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ nneɛma gu no mfata mma kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom a ɛrekɔ so, nanso wobetumi de adi dwuma de ahwɛ anyinam ahoɔden kar batere so.
2)ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan. Ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan no ne SOC akontabuo kwan a wɔtaa fa so. Nanso, ɔkwan yi wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a edidi so yi: ɛnyɛ nokware .Mprempren susudua .de SOC akontabuo no kɔ, na mfomsoɔ boaboa ano wɔ berɛ mu na ɛyɛ kɛseɛ; Ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw charge-discharge efficiency a ɛwɔ battery no mu no ho; Mfomso no yɛ akɛse wɔ-temperature tebea horow a ɛkorɔn mu anaasɛ bere a batere no sakra denneennen no. Wobetumi adi mprempren susudua a enni mu no ho dwuma denam-performance mprempren sensor ahorow a wɔde bedi dwuma so, nanso ɛka no kɔ soro; Solving charge-discharge efficiency hwehwɛ sɛ wobɛhu sɔhwɛ data dodoɔ bi na wode empirical formulas a ɛwɔ hɔ ama charge-discharge efficiency no asi hɔ. Wobetumi de ampere-hour integration kwan no adi dwuma ama anyinam ahoɔden kar batere nyinaa. Sɛ mprempren susudua no yɛ nokware na data a ɛdɔɔso wɔ hɔ ma mfiase akontaabu tebea no a, ebetumi ayɛ SOC akontaabu kwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na wotumi de ho to so.
3)Open-Circuit voltage kwan no. Battery bi a ɛbue-Circuit voltage a ɛwɔ discharge no awieeɛ no bɛn battery electromotive force no. Electromotive tumi a cobalt-acid battery yɛ adwuma a electrolyte concentration, a ɛso tew proportionally ne battery discharge, enti open-circuit voltage betumi adi dwuma de asusuw SOC. Linearity a ɛwɔ open-circuit voltage versus SOC abusuabɔ mu ma MH/NI battery ne lithium-ion battery no nyɛ papa te sɛ cobalt-acid batteries no, nanso wɔn abusuabɔ a ɛne no hyia no da so ara betumi adi dwuma de asusuw SOC ho, titiriw nea efi mu ba a eye wɔ charging no mfiase ne n’awiei. Ade titiriw a ɛho hia a ɛwɔ open-Circuit voltage kwan no so ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ batere no gye n’ahome bere tenten na ama ahoɔden no agyina, na egye nnɔnhwerew pii anaa nea ɛboro nnɔnhwerew du mpo na batere tebea no asan afi adwumayɛ mu akɔ baabi a ɛyɛ den, a ɛde ɔhaw ahorow bi ba wɔ susuw mu; Sɛ́ wobehu bere tenten a wɔde bɛhome nso yɛ ɔhaw, enti sɛ wɔde di dwuma bere a wɔde di dwuma nkutoo a, ɛfata ma kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom nkutoo wɔ tebea a esi hɔ no mu. Open-Circuit voltage kwan no wɔ SOC akontabuo adwumayɛ pa wɔ charging mfitiaseɛ ne n’awieeɛ na wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ nkabom mu ne ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan no.
4)load voltage kwan no so. Wɔ ntɛm ara a ɛrefi ase no, voltage no sesa ntɛmntɛm fi open-circuit voltage state kɔ load voltage tebea no so. Sɛ battery load current no kɔ so yɛ pɛ a, load voltage variation pattern a ɛne SOC no te sɛ nea ɛwɔ open-circuit voltage ne SOC no. Mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ load voltage kwan so ne sɛ ɛtumi bu SOC a ɛwɔ battery pack no mu wɔ berɛ ankasa mu na ɛwɔ aba pa wɔ daa-mprempren discharge mu. Wɔ nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so mu no, draiver no battery voltage de nsɛnnennen ba load voltage a wɔde di dwuma no mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi ɔhaw yi ho dwuma no, akontaabu nhwɛso a ɛfa battery voltage data, ahofadi dynamic load voltage, ne SOC ho hia; Enti, wɔntaa mfa load voltage kwan no nni dwuma wɔ kar ankasa mu nanso wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ gyinapɛn ma battery charge-discharge cutoff.
5) Ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyina ano wɔ mu. Battery mu resistance no kyekyɛ mu AC mu resistance ne DC mu resistance, abien no nyinaa wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse ne SOC (State of Charge). Battery AC impedance yɛ transfer function a ɛda battery voltage ne current ntam, variable a ɛyɛ den a egyina hɔ ma battery no resistance to AC current, na wɔde AC impedance meter na ɛsusu. Battery AC impedance no nya ɔhyew so nkɛntɛnso kɛse; Sɛ́ ebia wobesusuw no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛda hɔ so-circuit tebea bere a batere no atra hɔ akyi anaasɛ bere a wɔrebɔ ne ho na wɔayiyi no yɛ akyinnyegye na wɔntaa mfa nni dwuma wɔ kar ankasa mu. DC mu resistance gyina hɔ ma battery no resistance to DC current, a ɛne nsakrae a ɛba wɔ battery voltage mu ne nsakrae a ɛba current mu wɔ bere tiaa bi mu no yɛ pɛ. Wɔ susudua ankasa mu no, wɔde batere no charge anaasɛ wɔde gu mu wɔ current a ɛkɔ so daa a efi ase fi open{7}}circuit tebea mu; Nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda load voltage ne open-circuit voltage ntam wɔ berɛ korɔ no ara mu, a wɔde mprempren boɔ no akyekyɛ mu, ne DC mu resistance. Lead-acid battery no, DC mu resistance no kɔ soro kɛse wɔ discharge no fã a edi akyiri no mu na wobetumi de adi dwuma de asusuw battery SOC no ho; DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia MH/NI batere ne lithium-ion batere no yɛ soronko wɔ nea ɛwɔ kɔbere-acid battery mu no ho na wɔmfa nni dwuma kɛse. DC mu resistance no kɛseyɛ nya nkɛntɛnso wɔ akontaabu bere no so. Sɛ bere no yɛ tiaa sen 10ms a, OHMIC mu resistance nkutoo na wobetumi ahu; Sɛ bere no tenten yɛ tenten a, emu ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ den kɛse. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesusuw nkwammoaa biako mu ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na ɛno yɛ DC mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no ho sintɔ. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyina ano a ɛwɔ mu no fata sɛ wɔde bu battery bi tebea (SOC) tebea ho akontaa wɔ bere a edi akyiri no mu na wobetumi de adi dwuma de aka ampere-hour integration kwan no ho.
6)Neural network kwan. Battery yɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛnyɛ linear kɛseɛ, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhyehyɛ akontabuo nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ama ne charge-discharge process. Ntini mu nkitahodi ahorow no wɔ su titiriw a ɛnyɛ linear, nhyehyɛe a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ, ne adesua tumi. Wobetumi ayɛ outputs a ɛne no hyia ama external excitations na ɛnam so ayɛ basum battery dynamic su ahorow de asusuw SOC ho. Wɔtaa de 3-layer neural network a ɛtaa ba no di dwuma de bu battery SOC ho akontaa: ntini dodow a ɛwɔ input ne output layers no mu no gyina ɔhaw ankasa ahwehwɛde ahorow so na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ linear function; Ntini dodow a ɛwɔ ɔfa a ahintaw no mu no gyina ɔhaw no mu den ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwehwɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ so. Nneɛma a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ input variables a wɔde bu battery SOC no bi ne voltage, current, accumulated discharged tumi, ɔhyew, mu resistance, ne ambient temperature. Sɛ́ ebia neural network input variables a wɔpaw no fata na sɛ ebia variables dodow no fata tẽẽ tẽẽ wɔ model no ne computational load no mu. Neural network kwan no fa battery ahorow ho, nanso ne sintɔ ne sɛ ɛhwehwɛ reference data dodow bi ma ntetee, na estimation mfomso no nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ ntetee data ne ntetee kwan no so.
7)Kalman filter kwan no so. Adwene titiriw a ɛwɔ Kalman filter nsusuwii mu ne sɛ ɛbɛma akontaabu a eye sen biara a ɛfa tebea a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nnam mu wɔ ntease a ɛne sɛ nsakrae a ɛba fam koraa no mu. Sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ battery SOC akontabuo mu a, wɔbu battery no sɛ dynamic system na SOC yɛ ne mu tebea no mu baako. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ wɔ Kalman filter kwan a wɔfa so bu battery SOC ho no afi ase wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu nkutoo. Saa kwan yi fata ma batere ahorow na, sɛ wɔde toto akwan afoforo ho a, ɛfata titiriw ma SOC akontaabu a ɛfa anyinam ahoɔden kar batere a ɛwɔ mprempren nsakrae kɛse ho. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛma SOC akontabuo no nko na mmom ɛma SOC akontabuo mfomsoɔ nso. Nanso, ɔhaw a ɛwɔ saa kwan yi so ne sɛ algorithm no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den dodo na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔmputa so tumi a ɛkorɔn di dwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe no mu, enti ennya nhyɛn mu wɔ adeyɛ a mfaso wɔ so no mu.
Ɛnam in{0}}depth nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa SOC akontabuo akwan ahodoɔ ho so no, wɔpaw ampere-dɔnhwerew nkabom kwan no mfitiaseɛ no sɛ nnyinasoɔ. Ɛdenam battery current a wɔsusuw no pɛpɛɛpɛ so, a wɔde ka ho no, wɔde ka ho-circuit voltage kwan no na wosusuw nneɛma te sɛ battery charge-discharge efficiency, temperature, aging, and self-discharge, dynamic management of the power battery of pure electric vehicles is achieved. Wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar a ɛho tew ho no, batere no titiriw yɛ adwuma wɔ-charge ne full-discharge tebea mu, a charging nhyehyɛe no mu dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa-mprempren charge. Sɛ wowie charging a, ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛsi bo a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛsi hɔ (sɛ wowie charging a, SOC yɛ 100% anaa ɛboro so kakra). Sɛ charge-discharge efficiency a ɛwɔ battery pack no mu no yɛ kɛse paa (ɛboro 95%) a, charge-discharge efficiency no betumi abɛn sɛ 1 anaasɛ ɛne constant value pɔtee bi bɛyɛ pɛ. Sɛ wode saa kwan yi di dwuma de bu SOC ho akontaa a, ebetumi ama woanya aba pa. Mfomsoɔ a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛwɔ charge biara-discharge cycle no mu no, wɔyi firi hɔ titire berɛ a wɔawie charging a ɛdi hɔ no ka ho ne recalibration a ɛwɔ SOC boɔ a ɛdi kan no mu.
Ɛdenam-precision susuw a ɛyɛ battery voltage, current, ne temperature ho nsɛm a wɔyɛ de hwɛ hu sɛ SOC estimation inputs no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ; denam battery nhwɛso a etu mpɔn a wɔde besi hɔ denam nsusuwii mu nhwehwɛmu ne sɔhwɛ mu nsɛm a ɛfata so; denam SOC a wɔbɛteɛteɛ wɔ charge ne discharge awiei de ayi SOC mfomso a aboaboa ano no afi hɔ; Na ɛdenam battery charge-discharge efficiency factors, temperature, aging, ne self-discharge effects so no, ɛkorɔn-precision estimation of system SOC is achieved. Battery tebea-a ɛwɔ-charge estimation algorithm no mu no wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 17-12 mu.
(1) SOC Mfitiaseɛ Botaeɛ akontabuo kwan .SOC mfitiaseɛ boɔ no yɛ nea wɔnya denam SOC a wɔde asie wɔ tumi-afiri ne SOC a wɔnya firi ɔhyeɛ-OCV{2}}SOC lookup table no mu a wɔde nsusuiɛ a ɛfa system offline berɛ ho no so. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkenkan SOC mfitiaseɛ botaeɛ no berɛ biara a nhyehyɛeɛ no tumi yɛ adwuma.
(2) Nkontaabu a ɛfa ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC bo ho ne ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC bo a wogyina SOH botae so no ho akontaabu .Wonya battery no tumi denam table no a wode ɔhyew ne charging current bedi dwuma no so, na wosiesie battery no denam SOH a wode bedi dwuma wɔ pon no so no so. Mprempren no wɔde ampere-dɔnhwerew kwan no na ɛka bom na afei wɔkyekyɛ mu denam tumi a wɔde nya SOC nsakrae botae no so. Wɔde SOC nsakraeɛ boɔ no ka mfitiaseɛ boɔ no ho de nya nkwammoaa SOC boɔ ankorankoro.
(3) Nkontaabu a ɛfa battery pack SOC ho .Sɛ nhyehyɛe no yɛ adwuma bio a, wɔfa akenkan SOC mfiase bo no sɛ battery pack SOC; Sɛ ɛwɔ discharge tebea mu a, battery pack SOC no kenkan bo a ɛba fam koraa wɔ cell SOC ankorankoro no mu; Sɛ wɔ charging tebea mu na charge no nwiei a, battery pack SOC no kenkan maximum module SOC value; Sɛ wɔ charging tebea mu na charge no awie a, battery pack SOC no yɛ 1.
(4)Ankorankoro nkwammoaa SOC nteɛso kwan wɔ charge/discharge awiei .Sɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ charging tebea mu na battery pack SOC no yɛ kɛse sen 0.8 a, wɔkyerɛ nhyehyɛe no ase sɛ ɛwɔ charging no awiei; Sɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ discharging tebea mu na battery pack SOC no nnu 0.3 a, wɔkyerɛ nhyehyɛe no ase sɛ ɛwɔ discharging no awiei. Sɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ charge/discharge awiei a, ɛsɛ sɛ wosiesie SOC no. SOC akontabuo kwan a ɛwɔ charge/discharge awieeɛ no ne sɛ wobɛnya SOC boɔ no denam table no a wobɛhwehwɛ mu denam temperature, charge/discharge current, ne voltage so.
