Dɛn ne nominal voltage?- Polinovel .

Nominal voltage yɛ standard voltage value a wɔde ama anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe anaa battery de akyerɛ ne voltage class, a ɛsom sɛ reference point mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ susudua pɔtee. Sɛ nhwɛso no, "12V" kar batere yɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ 10V ne 13.7V ntam a egyina ne charge tebea so, nanso yɛde 12V di dwuma sɛ ne din mu voltage ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu ne nhyehyɛe a ɛne ne ho hyia.

Asɛmfua "nominal" no fi Latin asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ "ne din" anaa "wɔakyerɛ." Sɛ mfiridwumayɛfoɔ de din mu ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ɔmansin anaa mfiri bi mu ma a, wɔde mfitiaseɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛma kwan ma wɔyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ, wɔyɛ, na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ wɔ nnwuma no nyinaa mu si hɔ.

Susuw nominal voltage ho sɛ voltage "din tag" a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe bi mu. 240V fie amansin no nkura 240.0000 volt pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ bere biara mu-ebia ɛbɛsakra wɔ 235V ne 245V ntam bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma daa no. 240V no mu bo a ɛsom no ma ɔkwan a ɛfata a wɔfa so kyekyɛ nhyehyɛe no mu na wɔsusuw ho a wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ mu wɔ nsakrae a ɛkɔ so daa mu ara kwa.

Saa gyinapɛn yi da adi sɛ ɛho hia esiane nneɛma pii nti. Wɔn a wɔyɛ mfiri no betumi ayɛ nneɛma ho nhyehyɛe a wonim sɛ "120V afiri" behyia ahoɔden a ɛwɔ afie mu wɔ wiase nyinaa. Power system engineers betumi akyerɛ components a egyina voltage classes te sɛ 11kV, 33kV, anaa 132kV a enhia sɛ wobu akontaa wɔ nsakrae ketewaa biara ho. Nominal voltage no bɛyɛ kasa a wɔtaa ka a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe tumi yɛ adwuma.

Battery nhyehyɛe ahorow no gyina nominal voltage classifications so kɛse. Lithium-ion cell a ɛwɔ nominal voltage a ɛyɛ 3.7V no bɛsusu 4.2V ankasa bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma na ɛbɛtɔ fam akodu 3.0V bere a ɛreyɛ ayɛ mmerɛw no, nanso wɔn a wɔyɛ no frɛ no 3.7V efisɛ eyi gyina hɔ ma mfinimfini beae a mfaso wɔ so wɔ ne discharge curve mu baabi a batere no de ne ahoɔden a wotumi de di dwuma no mu dodow no ara ma.

Ɛlektrik adwuma no de voltage classification ahorow pii a ɛtaa ma wɔn ho wɔn ho adwene tu fra di dwuma. Wɔn mu biara di atirimpɔw soronko bi ho dwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe ne ahobammɔ mu.

nominal voltage .Ɛde reference point-Voltage class anaa "din" a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe no mu no si hɔ. Ɛyɛ nea wuhu wɔ nnwinnade ho nkyerɛwde ne nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw so. Sɛ wotɔ afiri bi a wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ 24V a, ɛno ne ne din mu ahoɔden a wɔde kyerɛ.

Adwumayɛ mu ahoɔden .Ɛgyina hɔ ma ahoɔden ankasa a wɔsusu wɔ nnwinnadeɛ terminals mu wɔ real-bere adwumayɛ mu. Saa botae yi sakra a egyina adesoa tebea, tumi a ɛyɛ papa, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so. 24V nominal system betumi akyerɛ adwumayɛ mu ahoɔden wɔ baabiara fi 22V kosi 28V a egyina sɛ ebia ɛwɔ adesoa a emu yɛ duru anaa adesoa a emu yɛ hare ase.

rated voltage .Kyerɛkyerɛ voltage threshold a ɛsen biara a nnwinnade betumi adi ho dwuma daa a ɛrensɛe anaasɛ adwumayɛ asɛe. Ɛsɛ sɛ rated voltage no boro nominal voltage no so denam margin a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma voltage nsakrae a ɛba wɔ power supply no mu no ayɛ adwuma. Wɔ nnwinnadeɛ a wɔayɛ ama 132kV nominal system no ho no, wɔbɛtumi akyerɛ rated voltage no sɛ 132kV ±10%, a ɛbɛma adwumayɛ kwan a wɔgye atom afiri 118.8kV kɔsi 145.2kV.

Susuw nhwɛso a mfaso wɔ so a ɛwɔ residential circuit breaker ho hwɛ. Nominal voltage no yɛ 240V (nhyehyɛe no nkyekyɛmu), adwumayɛ ahoɔden no gu ahorow wɔ 230V ne 250V ntam wɔ bere a wɔde di dwuma daa no mu, na rated voltage no betumi ayɛ 275V (nea ɛsen biara a breaker no betumi atwitwa mu dwoodwoo a ɛrensɛe).

Saa nsonsonoe yi bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse wɔ batere mu. 24V lithium battery wɔ nominal voltage a ɛyɛ 25.6V (a egyina 3.2V lifepo4 nkwammoaa awotwe so wɔ series mu), ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ voltage range a ɛyɛ 20V kosi 29.2V a egyina tebea a ɛwɔ charge so, na ɛwɔ rated maximum charge voltage a ɛyɛ 29.2V a wɔde siw nkwaboaa no ano.

nominal voltage

Battery de asɛm soronko bi ma wɔ nominal voltage ho efisɛ wɔn output voltage sesa daa bere a wɔreyi no. Nea ɛnte sɛ AC tumi nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den no, batere ahorow no nya ahoɔden a ɛba fam bere a ɛma ahoɔden a wɔde asie no fi adi no.

Battery chemisries ahorow no de nominal voltages asi hɔ a egyina wɔn electrochemical su so:

lithium-ion (li-ion) .Battery de 3.7V di dwuma wɔ cell biara mu sɛ nominal voltage. Saa nkwammoaa yi charge kɔ 4.2V na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛgyae no a ɛba fam sen 3.0V ma nkwa tenten. 3.7V nominal no gyina hɔ ma voltage a saa battery yi de wɔn tumi no fã kɛse no ara ma.

Lithium dade phosphate (lifepo4) .Batere yɛ adwuma wɔ 3.2V nominal wɔ cell biara mu, a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ 3.65V a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛyɛ 2.5V a ɛyɛ ahobammɔ a ɛba fam koraa. Saa nominal voltage a ɛba fam yi sɛ wɔde toto standard lithium-ion ho a, ɛda chemistry ne discharge su ahorow adi.

Kɔ anim-Acid .Battery wɔ nominal voltage a ɛyɛ 2.0V wɔ cell biara mu. A standard "12V" lead-Acid Car Battery nokwarem no, ɛwɔ nkwammoaa asia a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso (6 × 2.0V=12V nominal), ɛwom sɛ ne kɛse yɛ 12.6V bere a wɔde ahoɔden ahyɛ mu ma ne 10.5V bere a wɔayi afi mu no.

Nickel-dadeɛ hydride (Nimh) .ne nickel-cadmium (nicD) nkwammoaa no nyinaa wɔ nominal voltages a ɛyɛ 1.2V, ɛwom sɛ wodu 1.4V bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma koraa ne 1.0V bere a ayɛ mmerɛw no.

Nominal voltage no yɛ standardized reference a ɛma battery pack nhyehyɛe ne consumer understanding yɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wuhu battery pack a wɔakyerɛw so "48V" a, wubehu ne bɛyɛ voltage class no ntɛm ara a enhia sɛ wohwehwɛ ne voltage pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ charge level biara so.

Wɔn a wɔyɛ batere no hyɛ da de nominal voltage di dwuma wɔ labels so sen sɛ wɔde voltage a ɛsen biara bedi dwuma esiane ahobammɔ ne aguadi nti. Nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ pɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no da no adi sɛ ɛyɛ den yiye-aduru a efi adeyɛ kwan koro no ara so mpo kyerɛ nsakrae kakraa bi. Ɛdenam batere a wɔde di gua wɔ wɔn din mu no so no, wɔn a wɔyɛ no kwati asɛm a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛtɔn "12V batere" a ebetumi ayɛ 11.7V ankasa, a ebetumi adaadaa adetɔfo anaasɛ wɔabu aguade ho dawurubɔ gyinapɛn ahorow so no.

24V lithium battery nhyehyɛe kyerɛ sɛnea nominal voltage yɛ adwuma wɔ mfaso a ɛwɔ so mu, titiriw wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar, owia ahoɔden a wɔkora so, ne po so nneɛma mu.

24V lithium battery nyɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ 24 volts pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nominal voltage no gyina cell chemistry ne configuration so. Wɔ lifepo4 chemistry (nea ɛtaa ba ma 24V nhyehyɛe) no, nominal voltage ankasa yɛ 25.6V, a wonya denam 3.2V nkwammoaa awotwe a wɔde bata ho wɔ ntoatoaso (8 × 3.2V=25.6V) mu.

Voltage a ɛwɔ 24V lithium battery mu no gu ahorow kɛse a egyina sɛnea charge no te so:

a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma koraa .: 29.2V (nkwaboaa biara wɔ 3.65V) .din mu (50% ka) .: 25.6V (nkwaboaa biara wɔ 3.2V) .
a wɔayi afi mu koraa .: 20V (nkwaboaa biara wɔ 2.5V) .

Saa wide voltage swing yi nya system design so nkɛntɛnso. Ɛsɛ sɛ nnwinnade a wɔakyerɛw so sɛ "24V compatible" no di saa voltage range yi nyinaa ho dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, 24V kosi 230V inverter taa kyerɛ input range a ɛyɛ 19V kosi 33V a ɛbɛma battery no voltage variation ahorow no ayɛ adwuma wɔ ne discharge cycle no nyinaa mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ charge controllers ma 24V lithium nhyehyɛe no de 29.2V ±0.2V ma na ama battery no ayɛ charge yiye. Sɛ wode 24V charger a ɛyɛ gyinapɛn a wɔayɛ ama kɔbere-acid battery no redi dwuma a, ɛrenyɛ adwuma-Ɛrentumi mma ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma lithium nkwammoaa no ayɛ kɛse koraa. Eyi gyina hɔ ma mfomso a ɛtaa ba bere a wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no yɛ wɔn ho foforo fi kɔbere-acid so kɔ lithium batere so a wɔmfa wɔn mfiri a wɔde bɔ nneɛma ho ban no nso nkɔ soro.

Nominal voltage no nso kyerɛ solar panel nhyehyɛe ma 24V nhyehyɛe ahorow. Esiane sɛ owia ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ nneɛma no mu dodow no ara yɛ adwuma wɔ 12V nti, 24V batere a wɔde gu mu no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde 12V panel abien a wɔde nhama ayɛ wɔ ntoatoaso mu anaasɛ biako a ɛkorɔn-voltage panel na ama ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a wɔde bɛbɔ charge. Ɛsɛ sɛ charging system no fi adi voltage a ɛkorɔn sen battery no nominal 25.6V na ama current akɔ cells no mu.

Real-Wiase dwumadie kyerɛ hia a ɛhia sɛ yɛte saa voltage su yi ase. Wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar a ɛde 24V lithium batere di dwuma mu no, batere sohwɛ nhyehyɛe (BMS) no hwɛ nkwammoaa mu ahoɔden so na ama atumi asiw ano-agyae ase 20V anaasɛ ɛboro 29.2V so. Sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ anohyeto ahorow yi akyi a, ebetumi asɛe nkwammoaa no koraa anaasɛ ɛde ahobammɔ ho asiane ahorow aba.

Electrical systems wiase nyinaa di standardized nominal voltage classifications a ɛma mfiri no hyia na ɛyɛ ahobammɔ akyi. Saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi gu ahorow wɔ AC (alternating current) ne DC (Direct Current) nhyehyɛe ahorow ntam.

AC tumi nhyehyɛe ahorow .Fa nominal voltages a ɛsono ɔmantam biara mu di dwuma:

Amerika Atifi fam atrae nhyehyɛe ahorow yɛ adwuma wɔ 120V din mu ({1}}phase biako) ne 240V din mu (split-phase). Voltage ankasa no taa gu ahorow wɔ 114V ne 126V ntam ma 120V nhyehyɛe ahorow.

Europa ne amanaman ntam atrae nhyehyɛe dodow no ara de 230V din di dwuma (kan no na ɛyɛ 220V anaa 240V wɔ aman ahorow so, a mprempren wɔahyɛ no agyirae sɛ ɛyɛ 230V ±6% ma kwan ma kwan abien no nyinaa).

Mfiridwuma ne aguadi nhyehyɛe ahorow de din mu ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn di dwuma: 480V (ɛtaa ba wɔ Amerika Atifi fam nnwuma mu), 400V (European abiɛsa-phase nhyehyɛe), ne mpo transmission ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛyɛ 11kV, 33kV, 132KV, 230KV, ne 765KV ma tumi kyekyɛ nkitahodi nhyehyɛe.

DC tumi nhyehyɛe ahorow .Di nominal voltage gyinapɛn ahorow akyi:

Kar nhyehyɛe: 12V nominal (kar dodow no ara), 24V nominal (trɛw ne bɔs), 48V nominal (kar a wɔde afrafra) .

Telecommunications: 48V nominal (telecom mfiri, data mmeae) .

Owia ne batere a wɔkora so: 12V, 24V, 48V nominal (Residential Systems), ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn ma aguadi mu nneɛma a wɔde si hɔ .

Ɛlektrɔnik mfiri a wɔde di dwuma: 3.7V anaa 3.6V (telefon, laptop ahorow a wɔde lithium-ion di dwuma), 1.5V (alkaline batere), 9V (batere a ɛyɛ ahinanan a ɛyɛ ahinanan) .

Saa standardized nominal voltages yi ma compatibility wɔ manufacturers ne geographic regions mu. Afiri a wɔayɛ ama 12V dwumadie no bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ 12V tumi fibea biara ho, sɛ ɛyɛ kar batere, ɔfasuo adapter, anaasɛ owia ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ nneɛma so-fa no sɛ mprempren tumi no di ahwehwɛdeɛ so.

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) no hwɛ wiase nyinaa gyinapɛn ahorow so ma nominal voltage specifications kosi IEC 60038, a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ standard voltages a ɛboro 100V so. Saa gyinapɛn yi siw basabasayɛ a ɛbɛba sɛ obiara a ɔyɛ no paw voltage levels a wɔpɛ ma wɔn nneɛma no ano.

Ɛsɛ sɛ power system designers yɛ adwuma wɔ saa nominal voltage frameworks yi mu. Sɛ worekyerɛ circuit breaker ma 132kV transmission line a, engineers nim sɛ breaker no rated voltage no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛboro 132kV na adi voltage fluctuations a ɛyɛ daa no ho dwuma, mpɛn pii no ɛkyerɛ 145.2kV (132kV + 10%) sɛ voltage a wɔahyɛ no kɛse.

nominal voltage

Electrical Equipment yɛ adwuma dwoodwoo bere a designers de voltage safety margins a ɛfata-buffer a ɛda nominal voltage ne rated voltage a ɛfata ankasa-world voltage fluctuations no ka ho nkutoo.

Electrical system dodow no ara kura voltage tolerance a ɛyɛ ±10% wɔ nominal value no ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ 240V nominal system yɛ adwuma wɔ baabiara a wotumi de ho to so fi 216V kosi 264V. Ɛsɛ sɛ nnwinnade a wɔde ama nhyehyɛe yi di saa nsakrae ahorow yi ho dwuma a adwumayɛ a ɛbɛsɛe anaa ahobammɔ ho nsɛm biara nni mu.

rated voltage of equipment bere nyinaa boro nominal voltage denam saa ahobammɔ margin yi so. Susuw mfiridwuma motor a ɛwɔ din krataa a ɛyɛ "440V ±10%." Saa motor yi wɔ nominal voltage a ɛyɛ 440V nanso ebetumi ayɛ adwuma dwoodwoo fi 396V kosi 484V-a voltage range a ɛfata normal power system fluctuations a ɛnsɛe motor no insulation anaasɛ windings.

Nneɛma pii a ɛho hia sɛ wonya ahobammɔ ho mfaso horow yi:

Voltage a ɛtɔ gu fam .Ɛba wɔ transmission lines ne cables mu esiane resistance nti, titiriw wɔ adesoa a emu yɛ duru ase. Power line a 240V nominal wɔ source no betumi de 230V pɛ ama wɔ akyirikyiri a ɛwɔ kyekyɛ mmirikatu tenten bi mu.

Adesoa mu nsakrae .Ɛka voltage a ɛyɛ den. Sɛ mfiri akɛse anaa nnesoa afoforo a emu yɛ duru fi ase a, ebetumi atwe nhyehyɛe no mu ahoɔden no aba fam bere tiaa bi. Sɛ saa nnesoa yi dum a, voltage betumi akɔ soro bere tiaa bi asen nominal.

Tumi su ho nsɛm .Te sɛ harmonics, transients, ne voltage sags no ba daa wɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhama mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ nnwinnade gyina saa basabasayɛ yi ano a enni huammɔ.

Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ asase ho nsɛm mu .Wɔ tumi a wɔde ma mu no kyerɛ sɛ "nominal" voltages no gu ahorow kakra wɔ ɔmantam biara mu. European 230V gyinapɛn no gye aman a wɔde 220V dii dwuma wɔ abakɔsɛm mu ne wɔn a wɔde 240V dii dwuma no.

Battery nhyehyɛe ahorow no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ so yiye wɔ ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ho titiriw. Lithium battery hu amane daa sɛe sɛ wɔde charge a ɛboro wɔn maximum rated voltage anaasɛ discharged ase wɔn minimum cutoff voltage. 24V lithium battery betumi anya nominal voltage a ɛyɛ 25.6V, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ BMS no siw charging a ɛboro 29.2V (nea wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɛboro so) na discharge a ɛwɔ 20V ase (cutotoff minimum).

Ɛsɛ sɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda rated ne nominal voltage ntam no yɛ kɛse sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛma nsakrae a wɔhwɛ kwan no ayɛ yiye bere a ɛyɛ ketewaa bi na ama akɔ so ayɛ adwuma yiye. Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛboro so no kyerɛ nneɛma a ɛsõ dodo, a ne bo yɛ den; Ntɛmntɛm a ɛnnɔɔso no de asiane ba sɛ nnwinnade no bɛsɛe bere a voltage excursions no rekɔ so no.

Bere a nominal voltage yɛ mfiridwuma mu botae titiriw sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nea wɔasusuw no, ntease a ntease wom sɛnea voltage ahorow ankasa fa nominal values ho no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde susuw akwan a ɛfata.

Batteries ho no, sɛ wosusu open circuit voltage (OCV)-voltage a adesoa biara nni mu-de akenkan a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara ma. Fa digyital multimeter bata battery terminals no ho na twɛn 15- 30 simma akyi a wɔatwa adesoa biara mu ama voltage no agyina. 12V lead-acid battery a ɛwɔ 50% charge bɛkenkan bɛyɛ 12.2V, bere a 12V lithium battery a ɛwɔ 50% charge no kenkan bɛn 13V.

Battery foforo a wɔayɛ no din mu ahoɔden no gyina ne chemistry ne nea ɔyɛe no sɔhwɛ so. Engineers discharge battery no wɔ standard rate (mpɛn pii no 0.2C-20% wɔ battery no tumi a ɛwɔ dɔnhwerew biara mu) wɔ dan mu hyew mu na wɔyɛ voltage curve no ho mfonini. Wɔpaw nominal voltage no gyina baabi a battery no de ne discharge bere a wotumi de di dwuma no fã kɛse no ara di dwuma.

Wɔ AC nhyehyɛe ahorow ho no, fa nokware RMS (root mean square) multimeter susuw voltage no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Standard mita betumi akyerɛ akenkan a ɛnteɛ wɔ nnɛyi ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri so a non{1}}Sinusoidal waveforms. Susuw voltage wɔ nnwinnade no terminals, ɛnyɛ wɔ distribution panel no so, na ama akontaabu a ɛfa voltage a ɛkɔ fam wɔ wiring no mu.

Battery voltage susudua no sesa gyina nneɛma pii so:

Tebea a wɔde bɔ obi sobo .ne nkɛntɛnso titiriw. A 24V LifePo4 battery a ɛwɔ ahoɔden koraa no kenkan 29.2V, bere a battery koro no ara a ɛwɔ 20% charge no kenkan bɛyɛ 24V, na 10% charge no so tew kɔ 22V.

Adesoa tebea .de voltage a ɛba fam ntɛm ara ba. Battery betumi akenkan 25.6V a adesoa biara nni mu nanso ɛbɛtɔ akɔ 24.5V bere a wode amps 50 rema inverter. Saa voltage SAG yi fi mu resistance.

Ahoɔhyeɛnya battery voltage so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Batere a ɛyɛ nwini kyerɛ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu no sua sen batere a ɛyɛ hyew wɔ tebea koro no ara mu. Ebia 12V lithium batere bɛkenkan 12.8V wɔ 20℃nanso 12.4V pɛ wɔ -10℃.

Mfe a obi adi ne n’akwahosan .Nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ ahoɔden mu no su ahorow. Battery dedaw a ɛwɔ mu resistance a ɛkɔ soro no kyerɛ sɛ voltage drop kɛse wɔ adesoa ase, sɛ mpo wɔn open circuit voltage no da adi sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ daa a.

Professional battery monitoring systems di voltage akyi daa na ɛma state of charge estimates denam voltage a wɔasusuw a wɔde toto discharge curves a wonim ma battery chemistry pɔtee no ho no so. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi ma ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ koraa sen voltage susuw a ɛnyɛ den nkutoo, titiriw ma lifepo4 batere a ɛma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ tratraa no kɔ so wɔ wɔn discharge range dodow no ara mu.

Nominal voltage specifications kyerɛ gyinaesi ahorow a ɛho hia kwan wɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe mu, efi nneɛma a ɛne no hyia a wɔbɛpaw so kosi hwɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma adwumayɛ a ahobammɔ wom adi dwuma wɔ nneɛma ahorow mu.

Owia ahoɔden nhyehyɛe ahorow .hwehwɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye wɔ voltage a ɛne panels, charge controllers, battery, ne inverters ntam hyia. 24V owia nhyehyɛe taa de di dwuma:

3.2V lifepo4 nkwammoaa awotwe a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso (25.6V nominal battery) 12V solar panel abien a ɛtoatoa so (ɛma 36-40V sɛ ɛbɛbɔ batere no so)
24V MPPT charge controller (a ɛgye 19-33V input tom) 24V kosi 230V inverter (a ɛyɛ adwuma fi 20-30V input) .

Ɛsɛ sɛ afã biara di 24V nominal system no voltage range ho dwuma, ɛnyɛ nominal 25.6V value no nkutoo. voltages a ɛne ne ho nhyia no ma charge a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye, mfiri no sɛe, anaasɛ nhyehyɛe no di nkogu koraa.

anyinam ahoɔden kar ho nhyehyɛe .Ɔde ne ho to battery pack nominal voltage so kɛse. A 48V E-Bike de di dwuma anaasɛ:

Nkwammoaa 13 a ɛwɔ 3.7V lithium-ion a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso (13 × 3.7V=48.1V nominal) 15 nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ 3.2V lifepo4 wɔ ntoatoaso (15 × 3.2V=48V din mu) .

Ɛsɛ sɛ motor, controller, ne BMS no ma voltage a edi mũ no fi hɔ fi ne nyinaa so kosi nea ɛwɔ ahoɔden koraa so. 48V nominal nhyehyɛe bi yɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ 39V (discharged) ne 54.6V (a wɔabɔ ho ka ma lithium-ion) anaasɛ 37.5V ne 54.75V (ma lifepo4) ntam.

Mfiridwuma mu nneɛma .Specifications bere nyinaa reference nominal voltage. A conveyor motor rated "440V, 3-phase" yɛ adwuma wɔ din mu 440V nhyehyɛe nanso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ dwoodwoo di 396V kosi 484V (440V ±10%). Sɛ wode saa motor yi si 380V nhyehyɛe so a, ɛbɛma woanyɛ adwuma yiye; Sɛ wode bata 690V nhyehyɛe ho a, ɛbɛsɛe insulation no.

Po so Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma .Mpɛn pii no fa 24V nhyehyɛe di dwuma efisɛ ɛma kari pɛ yiye wɔ tumi a wɔde fa nneɛma mu yiye ne ahobammɔ ntam. Ebia po so hyɛn a wɔde fa po so hyɛn mu a wɔtaa de di dwuma no de bedi dwuma:

24V Battery Bank (800AH tumi wɔ 25.6V nominal=20.5KWH) 24V alternator (a wɔbɔ wɔ 29.2V, 100a) .
24V DC nnesoa (kanea, pɔmpɛ, ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri wɔ ahoɔden ahorow mu) 24V kosi 12V converters (ma agyapade 12V mfiri) 24V kosi 230V inverter (ma AC mfiri) .

Sɛ yɛte aseɛ sɛ saa "24V nhyehyɛeɛ" yi yɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ 20V ne 29.2V ntam a, ɛma wotumi paw nnwinnadeɛ a ɛfata na ɛmma voltage mismatches no sɛe.

Data center nhyehyɛe .de 48V DC tumi kyekyɛ di dwuma efisɛ ɛma adwumayɛ a ɛkɔ anim sɛ wɔde toto AC a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ho a. 48V nominal no ma kwan ma wɔde tumi kɛse (ɛkɔ 2000W wɔ circuit biara mu wɔ 40a) ma bere a ɛda so ara wɔ 60V threshold a ɛhwehwɛ ahobammɔ ho nsusuwii titiriw wɔ anyinam ahoɔden mmara dodow no ara mu no ase.

nominal voltage

Ntease a ɛnteɛ pii a ɛfa nominal voltage ho no de nnwinnade ho haw ne nea ɔde di dwuma no adwene tu fra.

"Me 12V battery no kenkan 13.7V, so asɛe?"Eyi da ebia adwene a ɛnteɛ a ɛtaa ba-de nominal voltage a ɛyɛ basaa a ɛwɔ voltage ankasa adi. Ɛsɛ sɛ 12V lead-acid battery a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no kenkan 12.6-12.8V, bere a 12V lithium battery no du 13.3-13.4V bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma no. Wɔn baanu nyinaa reyɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛboro wɔn din mu ahoɔden so no.

"Metumi de 24V charger biara adi dwuma wɔ me 24V battery no mu."Battery chemistry ho hia kɛse. A 24V lead-Acid charger no de bɛyɛ 27.6V a ɛbɛbɔ kɔbere-acid batere, nanso 24V lithium battery hwehwɛ 29.2V na ama wɔatumi ayɛ no nyinaa. Sɛ wode charger type a ɛnteɛ di dwuma a, ɛde charge a enni mũ ba na ɛso tew.

"Voltage no wɔ nominal ase, enti me battery no nye."Voltage a ɛba fam sen nominal voltage no taa kyerɛ battery a ɛkɔ mu, ɛnyɛ nea asɛe. 24V lithium battery a ɛwɔ 24V no bɛyɛ 40% a ɛwɔ ahoɔden-a ɛba fam, nanso ɛnyɛ nea asɛe. Sɛ voltage kɔ fam sen cutoff voltage (20V ma 24V lithium) nkutoo a, ɛhaw adwene.

"Mesusuu 245V wɔ me 240V circuit no so, biribi anyɛ yie."Voltage kakra a ɛboro din mu no yɛ normal. Tumi nhyehyɛe dodow no ara yɛ adwuma a ±5-10% nsakrae. 245V akenkan no hyɛ anohyeto a wogye tom ma 240V din nhyehyɛe. Adwennwene ho hia bere a voltage boro rated rated voltage anohyeto nkutoo.

Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ voltage ho nsɛm mu .Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa so yɛ nhyehyɛe:

Nea edi kan no, fa multimeter a ɛyɛ papa susuw voltage ankasa. Voltage haw pii fi susuw a ɛnteɛ a wɔde mita a ne bo nyɛ den di dwuma anaasɛ susuw wɔ mmeae a ɛnteɛ wɔ ɔmansin no mu.

Nea ɛto so abien, kyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ voltage ho asɛm. Voltage a ɛba fam wɔ adesoa ase no kyerɛ sɛ voltage a ɛkɔ fam dodo fi undersized wiring anaasɛ connections a enye. Low voltage a load biara nni mu no kyerɛ sɛ power supply ho haw anaasɛ battery a wɔagyae. High voltage betumi akyerɛ regulator huammɔdi anaasɛ charger nhyehyɛe a ɛnteɛ.

Nea ɛto so abiɛsa, hwɛ voltage wɔ mmeae pii. Voltage wɔ battery terminals no betumi ayɛ normal bere a voltage wɔ equipment no kyerɛ significant drop, twe adwene si wiring anaa connection nsɛm a ɛda components ntam.

Wɔ battery nhyehyɛe ho no, di voltage akyi tia state of charge. voltage-to{2}}SOC chart ma wo battery chemistry pɔtee no da no adi sɛ ebia voltages a wɔahyɛ no nsow no yɛ nea ɛfata ma mprempren charge level no. LifePo4 batere no kura ahoɔden a ɛkɔ so daa fi 90% kosi 20% tebea a ɛma ahoɔden no mu, na ɛma ahoɔden nkutoo yɛ ade a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi a aka a aka no.

Mfiri a ɛrenyɛ adwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛwɔ nominal voltage a ɛteɛ so no betumi anya voltage ahwehwɛde pɔtee bi wɔ nea ɛfata no akyi. Ebinom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no hwehwɛ ahoɔden a wɔahyɛ no den (±2-3%) ɛwom mpo sɛ tumi nhyehyɛe no ma ±10% tolerance. Voltage regulation a wode bɛka ho anaasɛ wode UPS bedi dwuma no betumi adi saa nsɛm yi ho dwuma.

Battery nominal voltage gyina hɔ ma sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse, na ɛnyɛ ahoɔden a ɛsen biara. Battery a ɛwɔ ahoɔden koraa no boro ne nominal voltage so efisɛ wɔpaw nominal voltage a egyina midpoint a ɛwɔ discharge curve no mu wɔ baabi a battery no de ne ahoɔden dodow no ara ma. A 3.7V lithium-ion cell charges to 4.2V and discharges to 3.0V, a 3.7V gyina hɔ ma voltage a ɛde ne bere a mfaso wɔ so no fã kɛse no ara di dwuma.

Sɛ wode afiri bi bɛka ho na ama ne din mu ahoɔden ayɛ mmɔho abien a, ɛbɛsɛe anaasɛ ɛbɛsɛe no. Nanso, wobɛtumi de 24V kɔsi 12V DC-DC converter adi dwuma dwoodwoo de ahyɛ voltage no ase. Saa converters yi abu so wɔ kar ne ahyɛmma a wɔde 24V fie batere di dwuma nanso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛma 12V electronics ahoɔden mu.

Adwumayɛ a ɛboro rated voltage asiane nnwinnade sɛe denam insulation breakdown, component overheating, anaasɛ ntɛm ara huammɔdi. Ahobanbɔ anoano wɔ hɔ ma bere tiaa mu voltage spikes, nanso adwumayɛ a ɛkɔ so sen rated voltage degrades equipment life anaasɛ ɛde huammɔdi a ɛyɛ hu ba. Wɔ batere ho no, ahoɔden a ɛboro so a ɛboro so no betumi akanyan ɔhyew a ɛguan, titiriw wɔ lithium nnuru mu.

Susuw output voltage no ho denam multimeter so wɔ adesoa biara ase. Eyi ma wo open circuit voltage, a ɛbɛkɔ soro kakra asen nominal. DC tumi a wɔde ma dodow no ara fi adi 5-15% wɔ wɔn din mu dodow so wɔ adesoa biara mu, a ɛkɔ fam kɔ din mu ahoɔden ase wɔ adesoa a wɔahyɛ no agyirae ase. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ 13.8V a wɔankyerɛw so a wɔde ma no wɔ 12V nominal rating, bere a ebia akenkan 29V biako yɛ 24V nominal.