Dɛn na wobetumi de lithium asan ahyɛ mu?- Polinovel .

Lithium rechargeable kyerɛ batere a wɔde lithium-ion mfiridwuma di dwuma de sie na wɔde gyae anyinam ahoɔden denam charge ne discharge cycle a wɔsan yɛ no mpɛn pii so. Saa batere yi ma lithium ions tu wɔ electrode abien ntam-a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ graphite anode ne dade oxide cathode-a ɛma kwan ma wɔsan de hyɛ mu mpɛn ɔhaha pii kosi mpempem pii.

Asɛmfua "lithium battery" no ankasa ka akuw abien a ɛsono emu biara a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛsono emu biara titiriw ho. Primary lithium battery yɛ single-de tumi fibea a wɔayɛ ama mfiri a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde bere tenten-bere, tumi a ɛkɔ so pue no di dwuma. Wubehu eyinom wɔ mfiri a wɔde hu wusiw, wɔn a wɔde koma bɔ, ne nneɛma bi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ akyirikyiri mu. Sɛ ɛsow ka wie a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtow gu na wɔde si ananmu.

Lithium batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio, a wɔfrɛ no lithium-ion anaa li-ion batere yiye no, gyina hɔ ma mfiridwuma foforo koraa. Nsonsonoe titiriw no gyina sɛnea nnuru no yɛ adwuma no so. Sɛ wode wo fon anaa laptop no hyɛ mu ma ɛbɔ a, lithium ions tu fi cathode no mu san kɔ anode no mu, na ɛkora ahoɔden so ma wɔde di dwuma akyiri yi. Saa ion a ɛsen fa akwan abien so yi ma nsonsonoe da lithium mfiridwuma a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no ne ne mfɛfo a wɔtow gu no ntam.

Ɛnyɛ mfiri a wɔde lithium tumi di dwuma nyinaa na ebetumi agye batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio. Voltage su no yɛ soronko wɔ ahorow abien no ntam-primary lithium nkwammoaa no taa de 3.0V ma, bere a rechargeable lithium-ion nkwammoaa no ma 3.6-3.7V. Saa voltage nsonsonoeɛ yi kyerɛ sɛ worentumi nsesa type baako kɛkɛ mma foforɔ a worenhwɛ device compatibility.

Lithium Rechargeable

Wɔ lithium battery biara a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio mu no, nhyehyɛe a wɔayɛ no yiye a ɛwɔ nneɛma anan a ɛho hia a ɛreyɛ adwuma wɔ kɔnsɛt mu no te mu. Anode a wɔtaa yɛ fi graphite mu no yɛ electrode a enye. Cathode-ɛlektrɔnik a ɛyɛ papa-de nneɛma te sɛ lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), anaa lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) di dwuma. Wɔ saa electrode ahorow yi ntam no, nsu a ɛwɔ electrolyte mu a lithium nkyene wom no sen, na abon a wɔde yiyi mu no siw anode ne cathode ntam nkitahodi tẽẽ bere a ɛma kwan ma ion kwan no.

Bere a wɔreyi nsu no, lithium ions fi anode no mu na ɛfa electrolyte no mu kɔ cathode no mu. Bere koro no ara mu no, ɛlɛtrɔnik no sen fa wo mfiri no circuit mu, na ɛde anyinam ahoɔden a wuhia no ba. Separator no hyɛ electron ma ɛfa ɔkwan tenten no so fa wo mfiri no mu sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɔkwan tiawa a ɛyɛ hu.

Recharging dan saa adeyɛ yi nyinaa. Sɛ wode charger bi bata ho a, anyinam ahoɔden pia lithium ions fi cathode no mu san kɔ anode no mu. ions no san kɔ wɔn mfiase gyinabea, a wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama discharge cycle a edi hɔ no. Saa intercalation-Mfiridwuma mu asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma ions a wɔde hyɛ electrode layers ntam-ɛma rechargeability a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ saa battery yi mu no yɛ adwuma.

Battery Management System (BMS) no yɛ adwuma sɛ batere no amemene wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu. Saa ɛlɛtrɔnik control unit yi kɔ so hwɛ cell voltage, temperature, ne current flow. Ɛsiw charge a ɛboro so no ano denam charging circuit no a ɛtwetwe bere a nkwammoaa no adu 4.2V so no so (gyinabea a ɛsen biara ma lithium-ion chemistry dodow no ara). Ɛsan nso bɔ ho ban fi-discharge ho, a ebetumi asɛe batere no koraa denam kɔbere a ɛbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw afi mprempren nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano no so.

Rechargeable Lithium Technology nyɛ monolithic-Nneɛma a ɛsono emu biara a ɛsono emu biara som dwumadie ahodoɔ a egyina wɔn adwumayɛ su pɔtee so.

Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) .Batere dii kan keka ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wotumi fa so na ɛda so ara ma smartphone ne laptop dodow no ara tumi. Wɔde ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a ɛdu 200-260 wh/kg ma, na ɛma ɛyɛ papa ma nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mu duru so. Nanso, wɔnyɛ thermally stable sen alternatives na mpɛn pii no ɛde 500-1000 charge cycles ma.

Lithium dade phosphate (LFP) .Battery de ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den bi (100-180 wh/kg) bɔ afɔre ma ahobammɔ ne nkwa tenten a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Wɔn crystal structure a ɛyɛ den no gyina thermal runaway ano, na wɔtaa nya 2000-5000 cycles ansa na asɛe akɔ 80% tumi mu. Electric kar ne stationary energy storage kɔ anim ma saa chemistry yi ɛmfa ho sɛ ne voltage a ɛba fam (3.2V nominal versus 3.7V ma LCO).

Lithium polymer (lipo) .Battery de gel-te sɛ anaasɛ solid polymer electrolyte di dwuma sen sɛ wɔde nsu bedi dwuma. Eyi ma wotumi kyekyere nneɛma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ nkotoku a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛne mfiri no nsusuwii hyia mu. Wobɛhunu wɔn wɔ smart smartphones, tablets, ne radio-Controlled Vehicles mu wɔ baabi a emu duru ho hia kɛseɛ. Wɔtaa de 1000-2000 kyinhyia ma.

Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) .Battery kari pɛ wɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den (150-220 wh/kg), tumi a ɛtumi yɛ adwuma, ne nkwa nna (1000-2000 cycles). Saa nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mmeae ahorow yi ma nkurɔfo ani gye ho wɔ kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom mu, baabi a wɔn a wɔyɛ no betumi ayɛ nickel-manganese-cobalt ratio no ma adi kan de ahoɔden tumi anaa ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no bedi kan a egyina kar nhyehyɛe ahwehwɛde so.

Nea ɛkyerɛ lithium battery nkwa nna a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no ho ntease no hwehwɛ sɛ wohwɛ kɔ akyiri sen sɛnea wɔde batere di dwuma ankasa no kɔ akyiri sen kyinhyia dodow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Charge cycle bi ba bere a wode battery no tumi 100% di dwuma, ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛho hia sɛ ɛkɔ so yɛ adwuma biako de. Sɛ yɛde 50% di dwuma da koro ne 50% a edi hɔ no sɛ ɛyɛ kyinhyia biako a edi mũ. High-quality cylindrical cell battery-Type a ɛte sɛ AA batere nanso ɛsõ-betumi de 3000-5000 kyinhyia ama ansa na tumi no akɔ fam akodu 80% wɔ mfitiase de no mu. Prismatic nkwammoaa (flat, rectangular) taa di 1000-2000 kyinhyia ho dwuma, bere a lithium polymer batere a ɛte sɛ pouch-style no taa yɛ tiaa.

Saa akontaabu ahorow yi fa no sɛ ɛyɛ charge nneyɛe a ɛfata. partial cycling-Recharging ansa na depletion awie-nokwarem no ɛtrɛw battery nkwa mu bere a wɔde toto mpɛn pii a ɛyɛ full discharges ho no. Nnɛyi lithium batere nni "memory effect" a ɛhaw nickel dedaw-cadmium battery no, enti wubetumi asan abɔ wo ho ban wɔ bere biara mu a wunni adwumayɛ ho asotwe.

Ɔhyew ka adwumayɛ ntɛm ara ne bere tenten-bere yi nyinaa. Sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ digrii 40 (104℃F) sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ digrii 20 (68℃F) a, ebetumi atew nkwa nna nyinaa so 40%. Awɔw mu hyew mma ɔsɛe a ɛtra hɔ daa mma nanso bere tiaa bi so tew tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ-Battery a ɛde ahoɔden a edi mũ ma wɔ 20℃no betumi ama 70% pɛ wɔ -10℃(14℃F).

Nneɛma a wɔkora so tebea nso ho hia. Battery a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a wɔde asie wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn mu no mfe a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm sen biara. Wɔ bere tenten-bere a wɔkora so no, wɔn a wɔyɛ no kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa sika nkɔ 40-50% na wɔmfa batere nsi hɔ wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini. Battery a wɔde asie wɔ 25℃(77℃F) wɔ 40% charge no betumi akura 96% tumi mu wɔ afe biako akyi, bere a biako a wɔde asie koraa wɔ 40℃(104℃F) betumi ahwere 35% wɔ bere koro no ara mu.

Rechargeable lithium battery ma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ nnɛyi mfiridwuma mu, application biara de mfiridwuma no su pɔtee bi di dwuma.

Ɛlektrɔnik a wɔde di dwuma .{0}}Smartphones, laptops, tablet, ne wireless earbuds nyinaa gyina ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a Lithium mfiridwuma de ma no so. Nnɛyi smartphone battery de 10-15 wh gu baabi a ɛyɛ ketewaa sen credit card, biribi a ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye wɔ battery nnuru dedaw mu. Saa mfiri yi taa de LCO anaa NMC chemistry di dwuma ma runtime a ɛkyɛn so wɔ baabi a ɛsua koraa.

Kar ahorow a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden yɛ .-Mmoa adwuma no agye lithium batere atom, a wiase nyinaa EV batere a wɔhwehwɛ no boro terawatt 1-dɔnhwerew afe biara fi 2024. EV dodow no ara de NMC anaa LFP batere di dwuma. NMC ma ahoɔden density a ɛkorɔn ma ɛkyɛ, bere a LFP ma ahobammɔ ho kwan pa ne kalenda nkwa tenten. Battery packs a wɔde ma anyinam ahoɔden kar no wɔ nkwammoaa mpem mpempem pii a wɔyɛ adwuma bom de 50-100 kWh sie.

Nnwinnade a ɛma ahoɔden .-Atoro a wɔde ayɛ drills, saws, ne mfiri afoforo a ɛma ahoɔden no sesa fii nickel-cadmium so kɔɔ lithium mfiridwuma so wɔ mfe 15 a atwam no mu. Voltage a ɛkorɔn (18V anaa 20V nhyehyɛe vs. 12V ma NICD) ne tumi density ma adwumayɛfo-grade adwumayɛ a enni hama no. Saa applications yi de current draws a ɛkorɔn si battery so, enti wɔn a wɔyɛ no de NMC anaa High-yi LFP chemistry di dwuma.

Nneɛma a wɔde sie ahoɔden .-Solar instɔlehyɛn ne grid-Scale storage de ne ho to lithium batere so kɛse na ama ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo no ayɛ mmerɛw bere ne bere mu. Mpɛn pii no, nhyehyɛe a wɔde tena mu no de LFP nnuruyɛ di dwuma, na ɛde ahobammɔ ne nkwa tenten di kan sen ahoɔden a ɛsen biara. Ɛde besi afe 2023 no, lithium-ion batere no nyaa 190+ gigawatt-nsrandibea a wɔde batere sie no bɛboro 80% wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Aduruyɛ mu Mfiri .-Mfiri a wɔde yi mframa pa te sɛ pacemakers ne insulin pɔmpɛ no hwehwɛ batere a wotumi de ho to so na ɛware-a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Ebinom de lithium nkwammoaa a wɔde di dwuma titiriw a wɔde mfe 10+ adi dwuma, bere a mfiri a wɔde fa nneɛma a ɛwɔ abɔnten no de lithium a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio di dwuma kɛse ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya ayarefo ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so mfaso.

Lithium Rechargeable

Sɛ wɔde lithium batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no gu charge yiye a, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔte wɔn ahoɔden pɔtee ne mprempren ahwehwɛde ahorow ase, a ɛsono wɔn kɛse wɔ batere ahorow afoforo ho.

Standard lithium-ion chemistry hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde charge to 4.2V wɔ cell biara mu a ɛwɔ voltage control a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Charging nhyehyɛe a ɛtaa ba no di abien-afã kwan: Constant-mprempren (CC) charge de steady current ma kosi sɛ cells bedu 4.2V, afei constant-voltage (CV) charging hwɛ ma saa voltage no kɔ so bere a current so tew nkakrankakra. Charging wie bere a current kɔ fam bɛyɛ 3-5% wɔ battery no capacity rating.

Worentumi mfa charger a wɔayɛ ama battery ahorow afoforo nni dwuma koraa. Lead-Acid charger ahorow no de ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn a ɛbɛsɛe lithium batere di dwuma. Saa ara nso na nikel-cadmium anaa nickel-dadeɛ hydride chargers de voltage profiles a ɛne lithium chemistry nhyia di dwuma. Bere nyinaa fa charger a wɔayɛ ama lithium-ion batere, a eye sen biara no di dwuma, nea eye sen biara no, nea ɛne wo battery no chemistry pɔtee hyia.

Nneɛma a wɔde bɔ ka ntɛmntɛm no anya nkɔso kɛse. Bere a lithium batere a edi kan no hia 3- nnɔnhwerew 4 na ama charge no, nnɛyi nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ electrode nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ anim no betumi agye charge rates a ɛkɔ soro kodu 1c (a ɛyɛ den mpɛn biako wɔ dɔnhwerew biara mu) anaa nea ɛboro saa. Mprempren anyinam ahoɔden kar batere ahorow bi boa 350kW DC ntɛmntɛm, na ɛde 100+ akwansin a ɛkɔ soro wɔ simma 10 mu ka ho. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, sɛ wɔde toto ho a, ɛma nneɛma a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm no sɛe ntɛmntɛm bere a wɔde toto charge a ɛyɛ brɛoo ho no, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw-versus-longevity tradeoff.

BMS no di dwuma titiriw bi wɔ bere a wɔrebɔ charge no denam ankorankoro cell voltages a wɔhwɛ so wɔ multi-nkwaboaa packs mu no so. Esiane sɛ nsakrae a wɔyɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu no kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa no nyɛ wɔn ade pɛpɛɛpɛ da nti, BMS no hwɛ hu sɛ nkwammoaa no nyinaa de wɔn ho hyɛ mu pɛpɛɛpɛ denam adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no nkwammoaa a ɛkari pɛ so. Eyi mma cell biako biara ntumi nkɔ soro dodo anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛboro so-yi, a ɛbɛma pack tumi so atew na ebetumi ama ahobammɔ ho nsɛm aba.

Bere a mpɛn pii no, lithium batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho bere a wɔayɛ no yiye na wɔde adi dwuma no, wɔn ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro no kyerɛ sɛ huammɔdi betumi ayɛ nwonwa.

Thermal runaway gyina hɔ ma ahobammɔ ho asɛm titiriw. Sɛ emu hyew kɔ soro bɛyɛ bɛyɛ 80-90℃esiane internal short circuits, manufacturing sintɔ, anaasɛ akyi ɔsɛe nti, ankasa-reinforcing reaction betumi afi ase. Ɔhyew ma electrolyte porɔw, na ɛma ɔhyew ne mframa pii ba, na ebetumi ama ogya anaasɛ abubu. Nnɛyi batere ahorow no bi ne ahobammɔ ho nneɛma ahorow pii-Pressure relief vents, thermal fuses, ne BMS ahobammɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa-sɛ wobesiw saa tebea yi ano.

Nipadua mu nneɛma a wɔsɛe no wɔ lithium batere mu no de asiane ahorow a emu yɛ den ba. Nkwammoaa a wɔbɛtow mu no betumi ama obi a ɛwɔ mu no ayɛ tiaa a ɛbɛma ɔhyew no aguan ntɛm ara. Crushing anaa bending pouch cells sɛe mpaapaemu no, na ebetumi ama kwan ma electrode no akɔ so adi nkitaho tẽẽ. Mfa batere a ɛda adi sɛ asɛe nni dwuma da, na tow gu yiye wɔ mmeae a wɔakyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma bio no.

Overcharging ne over-discharging both harm battery na ɛde asiane ba. Sɛ wobɔ ka a ɛboro 4.2V (anaa 4.35V ma nnuru foforo bi) a, ebetumi ama electrode nneɛma ayɛ basaa na ama lithium ayɛ aduru wɔ anode no so, na ɛma dendrites a ebetumi atutu mpaapaemu no mu. Discharging a ɛba fam bɛyɛ 2.5V wɔ cell biara mu no betumi apete kɔbere afi mprempren collectors no mu, atew tumi so daa na ɛde emu short circuit asiane ahorow aba.

Fa batere ahorow sie wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a nneɛma a ogya tumi hyew wom. Mma wɔn nkɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro digrii 60 (140℃F), na kwati sɛ wobegyaw batere wɔ kar a ɛyɛ hyew mu wɔ ahohuru bere mu. Wɔ akwantuo ho no, mmara no kyekyɛ lithium-ion batere mu sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu a ɛhia sɛ wɔde nneɛma soronko gu mu na wɔde nkyerɛwdeɛ a wɔde fa mframa a ɛboro tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ no bi so.

Dabi, wuhia charger a wɔayɛ no pɔtee ama lithium-ion chemistry. Saa charger ahorow yi hwɛ voltage so pɛpɛɛpɛ kosi 4.2V wɔ cell biara mu na ɛdannan fi constant current so kɔ constant voltage charging so ara kwa. Sɛ wode charger ahorow a wɔakyerɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma ma kɔbere-acid anaa nickel-battery no bedi dwuma a, ɛbɛsɛe lithium batere na ebetumi de ahobammɔ ho asiane aba.

Quality lithium-ion battery taa de 1000-5000 a edi mũ cycle ma a egyina chemistry ne dwumadie tebea so. Wɔ kalenda nsɛm mu no, hwɛ kwan sɛ wobɛsom mfe 3-10. LifePo4 chemistry ma cycle nkwa tenten sen biara wɔ 3000-5000 cycles, bere a standard lithium cobalt oxide taa ma 500-1000 cycles ansa na tumi a ɛho hia ayera.

Lithium batere nyinaa kɔ kalenda onyin mu esiane nnuru a wɔmpɛ a ɛba bere a wɔregye wɔn ahome mpo nti. Batere a wɔde sie wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ahoɔden a edi mũ ma saa ɔsɛe yi yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wonya nea eye sen biara wɔ bere a wode resie mu a, bɔ ka kɔ 40-50% na fa sie baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini. Battery a wɔde asie yiye no betumi akura bɛboro 95% tumi mu wɔ afe biako akyi.

Saa nsonsonoe yi ma nnipa pii adwene tu fra.Whats a ɛyɛ lithium batere .Mpɛn pii no ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan (a ɛnyɛ{0}}rechargeable) a wɔde dade lithium di dwuma. Lithium-ion batere no yɛ nea wotumi de hyɛ mu bio na enni dade lithium-lithium kɛkɛ wɔ ionic kwan so a wɔde asie wɔ electrode nneɛma mu. Nneɛma abien no nyɛ nea wotumi sesa esiane voltage ahorow ne emu chemistry nti.

Lithium Rechargeable

Lithium batere mfiridwuma a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no kɔ so nya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ wɔ solid-State electrolytes ho no hyɛ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ne ahobammɔ ho bɔ denam nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ hyew a woyi fi hɔ no so. Silicon anodes betumi ama tumi akɔ soro 30-40% asen atetesɛm graphite. Lithium-sulfur nnuruyɛ betumi ama awiei koraa no ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a ɛboro 500 wh/kg, a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mprempren mfiridwuma mmɔho abien.

Saa batere yi asesa sɛnea yɛde anyinam ahoɔden sie na yɛde di dwuma no titiriw. Efi kotoku-sesized fon ahorow so kosi grid-scale instɔlehyɛn so no, lithium mfiridwuma a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no ma nnɛyi mobile ne nea wotumi yɛ foforo-tumi asetra kwan. Mfiridwuma no ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro, ɛka a ɛfata, ne nea wotumi de hyɛ mu bio a wɔaka abom no ama ayɛ ahoɔden a wɔkora so ano aduru titiriw wɔ nneɛma a wontumi nkan so. Bere a nneɛma a wɔyɛ no kɔ so yɛ kɛse na nnuru foforo ba no, ɛda adi sɛ lithium batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no bɛma yɛn mfiri ne kar ahorow no anya ahoɔden mfe du du pii a ɛreba no.