Dɛn ne graphite anode?

Graphite anode ne electrode a enye wɔ A mu .Lithium ion batere ., a wɔde carbon a wɔahyehyɛ no wɔ nkratafa a wɔayɛ no ntoatoaso a ɛkora lithium ions so na ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma bere a wɔrebɔ ne ho na ɛreyiyi no na ɛyɛe. Ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ host ade titiriw a wɔde lithium ions hyɛ graphite layers ntam bere a battery no bɔ no, ɛyɛ 10-20% wɔ battery no mu duru nyinaa mu.

Nhyehyɛe a ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma .

Graphite a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye sɛ anode no fi ne atom architecture mu. Carbon atom ahorow no bɔ wɔ nkratafa a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛwɔ afã horow a wɔfrɛ no graphene layers, a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho so a ɛwɔ ntam kwan yɛ 3.354 angstroms. Van der Waals tumi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no kura saa layers yi bom-a ɛyɛ den sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ nhyehyɛe, nanso ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛma lithium ions no ahwe ase wɔ wɔn ntam.

Saa nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso yi ma abɔde mu akwan a wɔfa so keka wɔn ho. Sɛ batere bi bɔ a, lithium ions tu fi cathode no mu fa electrolyte no mu na ɛde ne ho hyɛ graphite ntoatoaso ntam fa adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no intercalation mu. Ntrɛwmu a ɛda ntoatoaso ntam no trɛw bɛyɛ 10% ma ɛma saa ions yi kɔ so. Sɛ batere no fi mu a, ions no fi graphite no mu na ɛsan kɔ cathode no mu, na ɛma ahoɔden a wɔde asie no fi adi.

Graphite no yɛ nea nhwehwɛmufo frɛ no lithium-graphite intercalation compounds (LI-GICS) wɔ mmere ahorow mu. Wɔ ahoɔden a edi mũ mu no, anode no du lic₆-Lithium atom biako a ɛwɔ carbon atom asia biara mu-a egyina hɔ ma nea ɛsen biara a wɔkora so density graphite betumi anya.

Nea enti a lithium-ion batere paw graphite .

Graphite di battery anode nneɛma so esiane ntease ahorow a ɛkɔ akyiri sen nea ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ den nti. Ne nsusuwii tumi no du 372 MAH/G, de adwumayɛ a wotumi de ho to so ma wɔ charge kyinhyia mpempem pii mu. Nea ɛho hia kɛse no, graphite yɛ adwuma wɔ electrochemical tumi a ɛba fam a ɛyɛ 0.01-0.2 V versus Li/Li⁺, a ɛma voltage nsonsonoe a ɛda anode ne cathode ntam no yɛ kɛse, na ɛkyerɛ ase tẽẽ kɔ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro wɔ battery cell a edi mũ no mu.

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma no dodow sesa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ fɛ so. Nea ɛnte sɛ akwan foforo a ɛtrɛw kɛse wɔ lithiation bere mu no, Graphite nhyehyɛe no ma lithium ions a ɛho nwosow kakraa bi-a mpɛn pii no ennu 10%. Saa structure stability yi kyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a graphite anodes taa boro 1,000 charge cycle a tumi a ɛso tew kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ no mu.

Ka a wɔbɔ no di dwuma titiriw. Abɔdeɛ mu graphite a ɛfiri mining operations ne synthetic graphite a ɛfiri petroleum coke mu no nyinaa de nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho ka ma wɔ nneɛma foforɔ a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ho koraa. Ɛde besi afe 2024 no, abɔde mu graphite a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no tɔn bɛyɛ dɔla 7,000 wɔ tɔn biara mu bere a wɔde toto graphite a wɔayɛ ho no yɛ dɔla 10,000 wɔ tɔn biara mu. Nneɛma no hwehwɛ ahotew dodow a ɛboro 99.95% ma battery a wɔde di dwuma, a wonya denam ahotew nhyehyɛe ahorow a, ɛwom sɛ ahoɔden-akɔ so ayɛ nea sikasɛm mu mfaso wɔ so wɔ nsenia so.

Ahobammɔ ho nsusuwii nso ani gye graphite ho. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer a ɛyɛ wɔ graphite so wɔ bere a edi kan a wɔde charge no mu no yɛ adwuma sɛ akwanside a ɛbɔ ho ban, na esiw electrolyte a ɛkɔ so porɔw ano bere a ɛma lithium ion akwantu ho kwan no. Saa ankasa-a ɛbɔ ho ban yi, a nhwehwɛmufo hui wɔ 1990 mu a wɔde ethylene carbonate electrolytes dii dwuma no maa graphite anode ahorow no tumi yɛɛ adwuma wɔ aguadi mu na ɛmaa lithium-Ion batere nsakrae a edii akyi bae no bae.

Natural vs. synthetic: akwan abien a ɛkɔ baabi koro .

Battery adwumayɛbea no nya graphite fa akwan abien a ɛsono emu biara so, a emu biara wɔ mfaso pɔtee bi.

Abɔde mu graphite fi flake crystalline deposits a wonya fi mining mu, titiriw wɔ China, Brazil, Madagascar, ne India. Wɔn a wɔyɛ no yɛ raw flake graphite ho adwuma denam crushing, spheroidization-beae a mfiridwuma mu ahoɔden ahorow no nwene flakes a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ spherical particles-classification, ne ahotew a ɛbɛma adu battery-grade specifications. Abɔdeɛ mu graphite a wɔyɛ no di bɛyɛ 1.1 × 104 mj wɔ ahoɔden tɔn biara mu.

Spheroidization anammɔn no da no adi sɛ ɛho hia kɛse. Battery adwumayɛ tu mpɔn wɔ kurukuruwa mu nneɛma nketenkete mu efisɛ ɛboaboa ano kɛse wɔ electrode ahorow mu, ɛma volumetric ahoɔden density kɔ soro na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkɔ so no tu mpɔn wɔ anode nhyehyɛe no nyinaa mu. Abɔde mu graphite taa da ahwehwɛ a ɛkorɔn adi sen nneɛma foforo a wɔde si ananmu, na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro sen biara.

Graphite a wɔayɛ no fi ase fi petroleum coke, needle coke, anaa pitch coke-afiri a wɔde yɛ ngo a wɔde yɛ nneɛma foforo mu. Wɔn a wɔyɛ no ma saa carbon precursors yi yɛ hyew kodu ɔhyew a ɛboro 2,500℃wɔ graphitization mu, na ɛsan hyehyɛ carbon atom ahorow no ma ɛbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe, layered structure a ɛyɛ graphite su no. Saa adeyɛ yi hwehwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 4 × 104 mJ wɔ ton-3.6 mu mpɛn a ɛyɛ ahoɔden a wɔhwehwɛ wɔ abɔde mu graphite a wɔyɛ ho.

Nanso, graphite a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma no de nneɛma a ɛkɔ so daa pii ma. Adeyɛ a wɔahyɛ so no ma nneɛma nketenkete a ɛyɛ pɛ ne electrochemical suban a wotumi hyɛ ho nkɔm, a battery manufacturers bo ma quality control. Mprempren, nnwuma no mu paapae bɛyɛ 55% synthetic ne 45% abɔde graphite ma anode production, ɛwom sɛ saa kari pɛ nsakrae bere a abɔde graphite ahotew tu mpɔn.

Eduu afe 2020 no, natural graphite anode nneɛma no kyeree gua no 39%, a nsusuwii ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so anya nkɔso a nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛba fam na ɛma ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma no so tew bere a wɔreyɛ no.

Asɛnnennen a ɛfa charge ho: anohyeto ahorow a wɔde gye sika ntɛmntɛm .

Graphite a wɔfa no sɛ wɔn mma no a wɔapene so no kata adwumayɛ mu anohyeto kɛse so: charge a wɔbɔ no ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ batere no bɔ ntɛmntɛm a, lithium ions no du anode no ani ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ ebetumi abɔ mu akɔ graphite nhyehyɛe no mu. Afei ions a ɛboro so no kɔ anode no ani sɛ dade lithium-adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no lithium plating.

Lithium plating de ɔhaw ahorow pii ba. Dade a wɔde adura ho no mmoa mma batere no tumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, na ɛtew ahoɔden a wɔde sie a ɛwɔ hɔ no so yiye. Nea ɛhaw adwene kɛse ne sɛ, sɛ wɔde plating ne stripping yɛ no mpɛn pii a, ɛsɛe anode nhyehyɛe no na ɛde nsu electrolyte no di dwuma, tumi a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm no yera. Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, lithium dendrites betumi anyin afa mpaapaemu a ɛda electrode ahorow ntam no mu, na ɛde ntini ntiantiaa a ɛwɔ mu no aba.

Nea ɛde ba no wɔ lithium diffusion kinetics mu. Lithium ions a wɔde bɛhyɛ graphite ntoatoaso ntam no hwehwɛ sɛ wodi ahoɔden akwanside ahorow so bere a efi electrolyte no mu kɔ ade a ɛyɛ den no mu no. Wɔ mprempren current rates a ɛkorɔn ase no, concentration polarization kɔ so-lithium concentration a ɛwɔ anode no ani no boro nea ade no betumi afa so, na ɛma potential low a ɛbɛma mprɛte metallic lithium mmom.

Nhwehwɛmufo nam akwan horow pii so redi anohyeto ahorow yi ho dwuma. Surface coatings a wɔde amorphous carbon anaa lithium-ion conducting nneɛma di dwuma no ma lithium kyekyɛ a ɛyɛ pɛ ne ion a wɔde fa ntɛmntɛm wɔ graphite no ani. Electrolyte optimization a ɛwɔ nneɛma pɔtee bi a wɔde ka ho no boa ma wɔyɛ SEI ntoatoaso a ɛyɛ den a ɛma ion a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo no yɛ mmerɛw. Wɔn a wɔyɛ no binom sesa graphite particle morphology anaasɛ ɛma interlayer spacing kɔ soro ma lithium diffusion yɛ ntɛmntɛm.

Nnansa yi nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2024 mu no ada no adi sɛ graphite anode ahorow a wɔde akata so yiye ne electrolyte formulations betumi akura charging rates a ɛrebɛn 6C (a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ simma 10 mu) bere a ɛkɔ so tra cycle asetra mu kɔ akyiri sen 500 cycles. Nanso, eyi da so ara yɛ beae a wɔyɛ no denneennen bere a wɔn a wɔyɛ anyinam ahoɔden kar no de wɔn ani si tumi a wɔde bɔ kar no so ntɛmntɛm mpo no.

Silicon: akansifo a wɔwɔ tumi .

Silicon-gyina anode ahorow gyina hɔ ma asɛnnennen titiriw a ɛwɔ Graphite tumidi mu, a Silicon nsusuwii tumi a ɛkorɔn kɛse a ɛyɛ 4,200 mAh/g-a ɛboro graphite de no so na ɛkanyan no. Saa tumi mu mfaso yi fi silicon tumi a ɛne lithium atom 4.4 bɔ wɔ silicon atɔm biara mu (li4.₄Si), bere a graphite hwehwɛ sɛ carbon atom asia ne lithium ion biako bɔ.

Asɛm a wɔde kɔdan no no da adi pefee. Sɛ wode silicon si graphite 10-20% mpo ananmu a, ebetumi ama batere no ahoɔden ayɛ kɛse 10-30%, na ɛbɛkyerɛ ase tẽẽ akɔ kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom mu. Nneɛma pii a wɔafi ase ne wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma akɛse no de sika kɛse ahyɛ silicon anode nkɔso mu, a nnwumakuw te sɛ Sila Nanotechnologies ne BMW a wɔde wɔn ho abɔ ho wɔ aguadi ho nhyehyɛe a wɔde asi wɔn ani so ama 2020 mfe no mfinimfini no so.

Nanso Silicon mfaso no de sintɔ a ɛho hia ba: volume expansion. Silicon particles no hohoro bɛboro 300% wɔ lithiation mu, sɛ wode toto Graphite no 10% a ɛba fam ho a. Saa ntrɛwmu kɛse yi mu paapae nneɛma nketenkete, ɛsɛe anyinam ahoɔden nkitahodi, na ɛma SEI a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ basaa. Anode no titiriw na ɛbɔ ne ho denam adwumayɛ a ɛfata so, na ɛma tumi a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm no yera. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ silicon anodes a edi kan no nyaa nkwa wɔ charge cycle 100 mu.

Mfiridwumayɛfo reyɛ ano aduru. Nanostructured silicon-Afã horow wɔ nanometer nsenia-agye ntrɛwmu nhyɛso ahorow no atom yiye. Porous silicon structures ma mu void space ma ntrɛwmu. Silicon oxide (Siox) de ntamgyinafo a ɛwɔ nsusuwii tumi a ɛyɛ 2,675 mAh/g ne ntrɛwmu a ɛso tew ma bere a wɔde toto silicon a ɛho tew ho no. Advanced binders-Nneɛma a ɛkura anode particles bom-de elastic properties ka ho na ama anyinam ahoɔden akɔ so ayɛ adwuma wɔ volume nsakrae mu.

Silicon-graphite composites mprempren gyina hɔ ma ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma sen biara wɔ aguadi mu. Ɛdenam 5-15% silicon a wɔde frafra graphite anode ahorow so no, wɔn a wɔyɛ no nya tumi mu nkɔso a ntease wom bere a ɛto nneɛma a ɛsɛe ade a efi silicon ntrɛwmu mu ba no ano hye. Saa hybrid nhyehyeɛ yi de ahoɔden density a ɛkorɔn 15-20% ma sene graphite anodes a ɛho tew bere a ɛkura 500-800 cycle life-acceptable ma dwumadie bebree.

Ka a wɔbɔ no da so ara yɛ akwanside kɛse. Silicon-carbon composite anodes bo bɛyɛ 750,000 CNY wɔ ton biara mu wɔ 2024 mu, sɛ wɔde toto 50,000-100,000 CNY ho wɔ ton biara mu ma graphite anode. Nnwuma mu nhwehwɛmufo Project Silicon anode nneɛma hia sɛ wɔtew ka so ma ɛyɛ 110,000-170,000 CNY wɔ tɔn biara mu na ama wɔagye atom kɛse wɔ aguadi mu.

Guadi mu nkɔso ne nneɛma a wɔde ma ho nsusuwii .

Graphite anode gua no renya nkɔso kɛse. Nnwumayɛbea ho nhyehyɛe a ne bo yɛ dɔla ɔpepepem 11.9 wɔ afe 2022 mu no bu akontaa sɛ gua no bedu dɔla ɔpepepem 50.83 wɔ afe 2030 mu, a egyina hɔ ma afe afe nkɔso a ɛyɛ afrafra a ɛyɛ 19.9%. Saa ntrɛwmu yi di anyinam ahoɔden kar a wɔfa ne grid-scale energy storage deployment akyi tẽẽ.

Supply dynamics fata sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si so. Electric kar battery biara kura 50{}}100 kg graphite-roughly graphite mmɔho du sen lithium. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Tesla Model S biako hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde graphite bɛyɛ kilogram 85 na ɛyɛ ne batere. Wiase nyinaa EV a wɔyɛ no reyɛ kɛse ntɛmntɛm, na kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom na ɛma kar tɔn ɔha biara mu nkyem 100.

China di graphite a wɔde ma so, na ɛhyɛ abɔde mu graphite a wotu ne graphite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma nyinaa so. Saa adwene a ɛwɔ so yi ama nneɛma a wɔde ma ho banbɔ ho haw ahorow aba wɔ wɔn a wɔyɛ batere a ɛwɔ mmeae afoforo no mu. China 2023 anohyeto ahorow a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne ho wɔ graphite ho no maa saa nsɛm yi yɛɛ kɛse, na ɛmaa Atɔe Fam aman no de wɔn sika hyɛɛ ɔman no mu graphite a wɔyɛ ne nea wɔyɛ ho adwuma no mu.

Ahotew nhyehyɛe no gyina hɔ ma nea ɛho ka yɛ den titiriw. Abɔdeɛ mu graphite a wɔatu no a wɔbɛdane no ayɛ no battery-grade adeɛ no hwehwɛ acid a ɛyɛ den ne anammɔn pii a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma, na ɛde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsusuiɛ ba. Nanso, carbon footprint a ɛwɔ abɔde mu graphite a wɔyɛ mu nyinaa da so ara yɛ nea ɛba fam kɛse sen graphite a wɔayɛ no, titiriw esiane ahoɔden-agye graphitization nhyehyɛe a ɛho hia ma nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma nti.

Nneɛma a wɔsan de di dwuma bio no de hokwan ne asɛnnennen nyinaa ba. Lithium a wɔakɔ pɛnhyen-ion battery no kura graphite dodow a ɛdɔɔso-a ɛtaa yɛ 40-50% wɔ "black mass" a wɔasan anya afi nneɛma a wɔsan de di dwuma mu. Nanso, sɛ woyi graphite yi fi hɔ na wɔsan de ma a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtwe graphite yi akɔ batere mu-grade specifications no da so ara yɛ den wɔ mfiridwuma mu na ɛyɛ sikasɛm mu kakraa bi wɔ mprempren nsenia so. Nhwehwɛmufo reyɛ nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma bio a etu mpɔn kɛse, a wohu sɛ graphite a wɔde to mu a wɔatoto mu no bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse bere a batere no dodow kɔ soro no.

Applications a ɛboro batere so .

Bere a lithium-ion batere gyina hɔ ma graphite anode a wɔde di dwuma kɛse no, ade no di dwuma wɔ electrochemical nhyehyɛe afoforo mu. Wɔ petrol nkwammoaa mu, titiriw proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) mu no, graphite yɛ cathode flow field mprɛte a ɛkyekyɛ oxygen pɛpɛɛpɛ kɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ adwuma bere a ɛrekɔ electron mu no.

Aluminium a wɔyɛ no gyina graphite anodes so kɛse wɔ electrolytic smelting nhyehyɛe no mu. Asa no-Héroult adeyɛ a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ aluminium titiriw nyinaa no de graphite anode akɛse a ɛma oxidize nkakrankakra na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsesa no bere ne bere mu di dwuma. Saa mfiridwuma mu dwumadie yi di graphite dodoɔ a ɛho hia wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Battery nnuru a ɛrepue no rehwehwɛ graphite nso. Sodium-ion batere ne potassium-ion batere betumi de graphite anode adi dwuma, ɛwom sɛ ɛwɔ intercalation akwan horow ne tumi ahorow a wɔde toto lithium nhyehyɛe ho de. Bere a saa batere mfiridwuma foforo yi nyin no, ebetumi ama wɔahwehwɛ graphite anode nneɛma foforo.

Mprempren nhwehwɛmu akwankyerɛ ahorow .

Battery ho nhwehwɛmufo repɛ akwan pii a wɔbɛfa so ama graphite anode adwumayɛ ayɛ kɛse a wonnyaw nneɛma no mu mfaso atitiriw no.

Interphase Engineering twe adwene si SEI layer a wɔhyehyɛ no yiye so. SEI no na ɛkyerɛ lithium transport kinetics, cyclability, ne ahobammɔ su. Advanced electrolyte additives ne surface treatments botae ne sɛ ɛbɛma SEI ntoatoaso a ɛyɛ tratraa, a ɛyɛ pɛ a ɛma lithium a wɔde di dwuma no so tew bere a wɔreyɛ no bere a ɛma ionic conductivity yɛ kɛse no.

Particle engineering sesa graphite morphology ma ɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Nhwehwɛmufoɔ reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ artificial graphite a wɔde pore structures a wɔahyɛ so, surface-asesa nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ electrolyte wetting a ɛtu mpɔn, ne composite structures a ɛka graphite ahodoɔ bom ma ɛtumi yɛ adwuma yie ne rate tumi nyinaa.

Interlayer spacing modification gyina hɔ ma ɔkwan foforo. Ɛdenam ntam kwan a ɛtrɛw kakra wɔ graphene layers-sɛ nhwɛso no, denam nnuru a wɔde hyɛ mu anaasɛ nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ so-nhwehwɛmufo betumi ama lithium a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm. Nnansa yi adwuma a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2024 mu no daa no adi sɛ interlayer ntrɛwmu a wɔhwɛ so yiye fi 0.3354 nm kosi 0.342 nm no nyaa nkɔso ntɛmntɛm-charging tumi bere a ɛkura structure stability mu.

Mfiridwuma a wɔde kata ade so no kɔ so nya nkɔso. Carbon a ɛyɛ den ne carbon a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde kata so no nyinaa ma wonya mfaso ahorow: carbon a ɛyɛ den a wɔde kata so no ma rate adwumayɛ yɛ kɛse, titiriw wɔ mprempren densities a ɛkorɔn mu, bere a soft carbon coatings ma mfiase coulombic efficiency ne cycling stability tu mpɔn. Nneɛma a ɛfata a wɔde bɛkata so a wɔbɛpaw a egyina application ahwehwɛde so no ma kwan ma wotumi yɛ adwuma yiye-rate-Asetra triangle a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ batere adwumayɛ mu.

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa .

Dɛn nti na graphite yɛ adwuma yiye sen nneɛma afoforo a wɔde yɛ batere anode?

Graphite kari pɛ wɔ ahwehwɛde ahorow pii a nneɛma afoforo di apere sɛ ɛne no bɛyɛ pɛ bere koro mu. Ne nhyehyɛe a wɔayɛ no ntoatoaso no fi awosu mu ma lithium ions a nsakrae kakraa bi na ɛsakra (ennu 10% ntrɛwmu), a ɛma wotumi de charge kyinhyia mpempem pii ba. Nneɛma no yɛ adwuma wɔ tumi a ɛba fam paa (0.01-0.2 V), battery ahoɔden a ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse. Ɛyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso, ne bo nyɛ den koraa, na wɔte ase yiye bere a wɔde adi dwuma mfe du du pii wɔ aguadi mu akyi no. Bere a nneɛma te sɛ silicon ma wonya tumi kɛse no, wohu amane wɔ volume expansion haw ahorow a emu yɛ den a graphite kwati no ho.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ abɔde mu graphite a ɛwɔ battery mu ne nea wɔayɛ no mu?

Natural graphite fi mining operations na mpɛn pii no ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkɔ so yiye esiane crystallinity a ɛkɔ soro nti. Ɛhia ahoɔden kakraa bi na ama-bɛyɛ 1.1 × 104 mj wɔ ton biara mu akyerɛ 4 × 104 mJ wɔ ton biara mu ama graphite a wɔayɛ. Graphite a wɔayɛ, a wɔde petroleum coke a ɛyɛ hyew ayɛ no bɛboro 2,500℃, no ma wonya nneɛma a ɛkɔ so daa ne ahotew kɛse. Mprempren, nnwuma no de bɛyɛ 55% synthetic ne 45% abɔde graphite di dwuma, ɛwom sɛ abɔde mu graphite gua so kyɛfa renya nkɔanim esiane nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne ɛka mu mfaso nti.

So graphite anodes betumi adi charge a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm ho dwuma?

Graphite anodes hyia nsɛnnennen wɔ charge a wɔbɔ no ntɛmntɛm ho. Sɛ charging current no yɛ kɛse dodo a, lithium ions ba ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ ebetumi de ahyɛ graphite nhyehyɛe no mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ mprɛte sɛ dade lithium wɔ anode no ani mmom. Saa lithium plating yi ma tumi no so tew na ɛsɛe batere no. Nhwehwɛmufoɔ reyɛ nkɔsoɔ ntɛmntɛm-gye tumi denam ɔfasuo so nkatasoɔ, electrolyte optimization, ne particle engineering so, a nnansa yi 2024 nhwehwɛmu a wɔanya 6C charge rates (simma 10 charge) berɛ a wɔkura cycle life a wɔgye tom mu.

So silicon besi graphite ananmu wɔ batere anode mu?

Silicon rensi graphite ananmu koraa wɔ bere a ɛrenkyɛ mu, ɛwom sɛ ɛrebɛyɛ ano aduru no fã de. Silicon ma 10x tumi 10x sen graphite nanso ɛtrɛw 300% bere a charge, na ɛma ɔsɛe ntɛmntɛm. Ɔkwan a mfaso wɔ so no de silicon-graphite composites di dwuma, ɛfrafra 5-15% silicon ma ɛyɛ graphite anodes ma ɛyɛ 15-20% ahoɔden density bere a ɛredi ntrɛwmu haw ahorow ho dwuma. Silicon anode ahorow a ɛho tew no da so ara wɔ nkɔso mu, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ aguadi gyina kyinhyia asetra a wogye tom ne ɛka a wɔbɛtew so.

Graphite anode no yɛ sɛnea nneɛma a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no taa yɛ adwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ esiane saa mmerɛwyɛ no nti no ho nhwɛso. Lithium ions hia baabi a ɛbɛkɔ wɔ bere a worebɔ charging-baabi a ɛyɛ den, ɛyɛ nea wotumi dannan mu, na ɛnhwe ase wɔ kyinhyia kakraa bi akyi. Graphite nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso no ma saa pɛpɛɛpɛ, a drama anaa nsɛm a ɛyɛ den nni mu. Bere a nhwehwɛmufo taa tumi a ɛkorɔn ne nea wɔde bɔ ka ntɛmntɛm no, wɔrehu sɛ sɛ wofi Graphite su atitiriw no mu kɔ akyirikyiri dodo a, ɛde ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtaa sen mfaso horow no ba. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ material no tumidi a ɛkɔ so wɔ lithium-ion battery mu no kɔ so mfe du du pii a ɛnyɛ ne anohyeto ahorow nti, na mmom esiane sɛ saa anohyeto ahorow no yɛ nea wotumi di ho dwuma na ɛyɛ yiye-wɔte ase nti.

Data a wonya fi mu:

Graphite sɛ anode nneɛma: mfitiase adwinnade, nnansa yi nkɔso ne nkɔso - ahoɔden a wɔkora so nneɛma (2020) .

Wiase nyinaa graphite anode gua nhwehwɛmu - virtue gua so nhwehwɛmu (2024) .

Abɔdeɛ mu graphite anode a wɔde yɛ lithium a ɛkɔ anim-ion batere - Nnuruyɛ ho nsɛmma nwoma (2024) .

Carbon anodes daakye ma lithium-ion batere - carbon daakye (2024) .

Fast-Graphite anode a wɔde bɔ lithium-ion batere - abɔde mu nneɛma ho nkrataa a wɔde di dwuma (2024) .

Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa graphite anodes ho ma ntɛmntɛm-charging lithium-ion batere - Advanced Functional Materials (2024) .

Graphite: aboɔden abo foforo a ɛho hia - abɔde mu nhwehwɛmu nneɛma (2025) .