Dɛn ne sobo a edi mũ?

Full charge yɛ tebea bere a battery bi adu ne kɛse voltage tumi mu na entumi nnye anyinam ahoɔden foforo bio. Wɔ batere dodow no ara a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio no fam no, eyi ba wɔ voltage threshold pɔtee bi-a ɛtaa yɛ volt 4.2 wɔ cell biara mu ma lithium-ion battery-ɛno wɔ saa beae no, charge nhyehyɛe no gyina hɔ ara na asiw ɔsɛe ano.

Ntease a ɛwɔ charge voltage a edi mũ mu .

Adwene a ɛfa full charge ho no titiriw bata voltage ho sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ capacity kɛkɛ. Battery chemistry biara wɔ defined maximum voltage a ɛkyerɛ sɛ charging koraa. Sɛ wode wo mfiri no hyɛ mu a, charger no de current ma kosi sɛ battery no bedu saa voltage level a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ yi ho.

Wɔ lithium-ion batere ho no, nea ɛtaa ba wɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde di dwuma mu no, charge a edi mũ kyerɛ sɛ 4.2V wɔ cell biara mu. Smartphone battery a ɛwɔ cell biako no du ne ho koraa wɔ 4.2V, bere a laptop battery a ɛwɔ cell abiɛsa a ɛwɔ series mu no du 12.6V.Voltage threshold no ho hia .-Ɛboro so kakra mpo betumi akanyan thermal runaway ne daa battery a ɛsɛe.

Battery chemisries ahorow wɔ ahoɔden a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Lead-Acid battery no du ne ho koraa wɔ bɛyɛ 2.4V wɔ cell biara mu, bere a nickel-Metal Hydride (NIMH) batere no wie charge bɛyɛ 1.4-1.5V wɔ cell biara mu. NoLithium polymer batere ., a variant of lithium-ion technology, nso charges to 4.2V wɔ cell biara mu nanso ɛde gel-te sɛ electrolyte di dwuma sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nsu, na ɛma ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ ne nsusuwii mu na ɛyɛ ahobammɔ kakra wɔ adwennwen ase.

Nnɛyi charge nhyehyɛe ahorow de daa current / daa voltage (CC/CV) kwan so di dwuma. Wɔ constant current phase no mu no, charger no de maximum current ma bere a voltage kɔ soro nkakrankakra. Sɛ battery no du 4.2V a, system no dan kɔ constant voltage mode so, baabi a voltage kɔ so yɛ fixed wɔ 4.2V bere a current no so tew nkakrankakra. Wobu batere no sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛwɔ ahoɔden a edi mũ bere a mprempren no kɔ fam bɛyɛ 3-5% wɔ batere no tumi dodow mu.

Sɛnea charge nhyehyɛe ahorow no hu charge a edi mũ .

Charging circuits de akwan pii di dwuma de hu bere a battery bi adu ne ho koraa. Ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so hu ade no hwɛ voltage ne current so bere koro mu. Sɛ battery voltage no gyina wɔ maximum threshold no so na charging current no kɔ fam sen cutoff value a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ a, system no hu charge a edi mũ na ɛtwa charging process no mu.

Ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛto so abien a wɔfa so hu ade.Wɔ charge no fã a etwa to no mu no, batere ma ɔhyew ba. Ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim no betumi akyerɛ sɛ batere no adu ahoɔden a edi mũ na wɔredan current foforo biara ayɛ no ɔhyew mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛkora ahoɔden so. Quality charger ahorow no de thermistors-temperature-sistors a ɛyɛ mmerɛw-a gyae charge sɛ battery no boro ɔhyew anohyeto so a.

Battery management systems (BMS) a ɛwɔ nnɛyi mfiri ahorow mu no de algorithms a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛdi parameters pii akyi di dwuma. Saa nhyehyɛe yi hwɛ ankorankoro nkwammoaa ahoɔden wɔ multi-nkwaboaa packs mu, hwɛ hu sɛ ɛkari pɛ charging wɔ cells nyinaa mu. Sɛ nkwammoaa biako du 4.2V wɔ afoforo anim a, BMS no betumi ayɛ brɛoo anaasɛ wobegyina so abɔ saa nkwammoaa no ho ka bere a wɔkɔ so bɔ nkwammoaa a aka no ho ka no.

Charge termination current no gu ahorow wɔ battery kɛse ne chemistry mu. Smartphone battery a ɛtaa ba no betumi agyae charging bere a current no so tew kɔ 50-100mA, bere a laptop battery a ɛwɔ tumi kɛse no betumi akɔ so akosi sɛ current no bɛkɔ fam asen 200-300mA. Manufacturers calibrate saa values ​​yi ma kari pɛ charging ahoɔhare ne battery tenten.

Aniwa ne honam fam nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wɔde ahoɔden a edi mũ .

Mfiri dodow no ara de nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu da hɔ ma bere a batere no du ne ho koraa no. LED akanea ne ade a wɔtaa hu a ɛyɛ aniwa so-a ɛsakra fi kɔkɔɔ anaa amber bere a worebɔ green anaa blue bere a woawie no. Chargers binom dum indicator kanea no koraa bere a woadu charge a edi mũ no, bere a afoforo betumi ada pulsing pattern adi de akyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda active charging states ntam.

Software ho nsɛnkyerɛnne abɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse. Operating systems da battery ɔha biara mu nkyem, nanso ɔha biara mu nkyem nkutoo nkyerɛ definitively kyerɛ full charge. Battery a ɛkyerɛ 100% no betumi akɔ so agye trickle current ketewaa bi atom. Nokware charge a edi mũ ba bere a ɔha biara mu nkyekyem abien no nyinaa kenkan 100% na afiri no kyerɛ "fully charged" anaa "ɛnyɛ charge" tebea.

Mfiri binom de haptic feedback ka ho, na ɛma wosow bere a charge no wie no. Saa ade yi da adi sɛ ɛho wɔ mfaso titiriw wɔ anadwo a wɔde charge no mu bere a ebia wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no renhu nneɛma a wɔde hwɛ ade no. Mfiri a ɛyɛ fɛ nso betumi de push notifications amena de abɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no amanneɛ sɛ wɔn battery no adu ne nyinaa so.

Nsakrae a ɛba nipadua mu bere a wɔrebɔ ka no nso betumi akyerɛ sɛ wɔawie. Battery yɛ hyew bere a wɔrebɔ no esiane sɛ ɛwɔ mu ne nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma nti. Sɛ batere bi tumi yɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛtaa fi ase yɛ nwini bere a anyinam ahoɔden a ɛbɔ no so tew kɛse no. Nanso, sɛ wode wo ho to ɔhyew nkutoo so a, ɛnyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so-nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne mfiri a wɔde di dwuma ho nhyehyɛe no nya batere no hyew so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Charge a edi mũ ne nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ .

Nsonsonoe a ɛda ahoɔden a edi mũ ne tumi a wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ mu no ntam a yɛbɛte ase no ma adwene a ɛyɛ basaa a ɛtaa ba wɔ batere adwumayɛ ho no mu da hɔ. Battery bi tumi a wɔde ahyɛ mu, a wɔde milliampere-Nnɔnhwerew (MAH) anaa Watt-dɔn (WH) susuw no gyina hɔ ma ahoɔden a ebetumi de asie wɔ nsusuwii mu wɔ tebea horow a eye mu wɔ nsusuwii mu. Full charge kyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ battery no adu ne maximum voltage-ɛnkyerɛ sɛ battery no kura ne mfitiaseɛ rated capacity.

Battery ahoɔden sɛe bere kɔ so denam charge a wɔasan ayɛ no mpɛn pii-discharge cycles so. A two-afe-dedaw smartphone battery betumi adu full charge wɔ 4.2V nanso ɛkora 80% pɛ wɔ ne mfitiase tumi mu. Voltage no du charge threshold no nyinaa, nanso battery no so tew ntɛmntɛm sen bere a ɛyɛ foforo efisɛ nnuru a ɛsɛe no ama nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde sie charge no so atew.

Tumi a ɛyera no nam akwan horow pii so na ɛba.Lithium-ion batere yɛ solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer wɔ anode no so bere a sakre no rekɔ so no. Saa layer yi di lithium ions daa, ɛtew tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ no so. Bio nso, electrode nneɛma tumi paapae na ɛpaapae bere a ntrɛwmu ne ntwemu a ɛba bere a wɔrebɔ ne ho no, tumi a ɛso tew bio.

Wɔn a wɔyɛ no kyerɛ batere wɔ tebea horow a wɔahyɛ so mu-a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ digrii 25 a nsu a efi mu ba no yɛ mmerɛw. Real-Wiase tumi gyina ɔhyew, nsu a ɛkɔ mu, ne mfe a obi adi so. Battery a ɛduru ahoɔden a ɛwie pɛyɛ wɔ freezing tebea mu no betumi de ne tumi a wɔakyerɛ no 50-60% pɛ aba ɛnam sɛ emu ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ne nnuru a ɛyɛ brɛoo nti.

Mfiri binom da "battery health" metrics a ɛkyerɛ mprempren tumi a ɛfa mfitiase tumi ho adi. Saa susudua yi boa wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ma wɔte ase sɛ reaching full charge no nkyerɛ sɛ battery no yɛ adwuma te sɛ foforo-ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ battery no adu ne mprempren ahoɔden a ɛsen biara no mu wɔ ne tebea a asɛe no mu.

Nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ battery nkwa a wɔbɛma atra hɔ nyinaa so .

Lithium-battery a egyina so no a wɔbɛma akɔ so ayɛ adwuma bere tenten no ma nneɛma a ɛsɛe no yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Wɔ 4.2V no, battery no nya ahoɔden a ɛsen biara wɔ ne electrode ne electrolyte so. Saa adwennwen yi ma afã a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔmpɛ a ɛwe lithium a ɛyɛ adwuma no na ɛsɛe electrode nneɛma, na ɛtew tumi so koraa.

Nhwehwɛmu data kyerɛ pefee sɛe nhyehyɛe a ɛfa storage voltage ho. Battery a wɔde sie wɔ 100% tebea mu no hwere bɛyɛ 20% tumi afe biara wɔ dan mu hyew mu, bere a batere a wɔde sie wɔ 40-60% charge hwere 2-4% pɛ tumi afe biara. Nsonsonoe no da adi kɛse wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu-batere a ɛwɔ kar a ɛyɛ hyew mu a ɛwɔ ahoɔden koraa no betumi ahwere ade kɛse wɔ asram pii mu.

Nnɛyi mfiri ahorow de ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow di dwuma wɔ charge stress a edi mũ ho.Smartphones ne laptop pii seesei wɔ "optimized battery charging" a ɛsua user patterns na ɛkyɛ charging kɔ 100% kɔsi sɛ just be ansa na typrote device no unplugged. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wobɔ ka bere nyinaa anadwo biako na wuyi fi mu anɔpa nnɔnson a, ebia afiri no bɛbɔ ka akɔ 80% ntɛmntɛm, afei wobɛtwɛn akosi anɔpa 6:30 na woawie 100%.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) de saa adwene yi kɔ akyiri denam wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no a wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa charge anohyeto mma 80-90% mma da biara da, a wɔde 100% ka ma akwantu tenten nkutoo so. EV batere ahorow no di kyinhyia mpempem pii wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu, enti sɛ wɔto ahoɔden a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden no ano hye a, ɛma batere no nkwa nna yɛ kɛse. Tesla battery a wɔde charged to 90% daa no betumi akɔ so akura 90% tumi wɔ akwansin 200,000 akyi, bere a biako a wɔbɔ ho ka kɔ 100% da biara no betumi asɛe akɔ 80% tumi wɔ kwan koro no ara so.

voltage curve no nyɛ non{0}}linear-awieɛ 20% a ɛwɔ charge (firi 80% kɔsi 100%) no de adwennwene a ɛnsɛ ba. Saa ɔmantam yi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ahoɔden a ɛma ahoɔden no bɔ bere nyinaa wɔ baabi a nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma no yɛ den kɛse, na ɛma ɔhyew pii ba na ɛma ɔfã a wɔmpɛ no yɛ adwuma. Wɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma a wɔde nkwa tenten di kan sen bere a wɔde di dwuma kɛse no fam no, sɛ wokura 20-80% ntam a, ɛma wonya nkwa nna a eye sen biara.

Nneɛma a eye sen biara a wɔde charge .

Nteaseɛ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛma wotumi de charge a ɛyɛ nyansa a ɛma ahoɔden a ɛma ahotɔ ne batere tenten kari pɛ. Sɛ wɔde di dwuma da biara da a, charge cycle fã bi da adi sɛ ɛnyɛ adwennwene kɛse wɔ batere so sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ no mpɛn pii akodu 100%. Battery ho abenfo pii kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa charge nkɔ 30-80% ntam ma wɔde di dwuma daa, na ɛma kwan ma wɔbɔ ka nyinaa bere a ɛho hia sɛ wɔde runtime kɛse di dwuma nkutoo.

Ahoɔhare a ɛma ahoɔden no ka batere no mu nhyɛso ne ɔhyew. Fast charge to full charge no ma ɔhyew pii ba sen sɛ wobɛbɔ no brɛoo, na ɛma nneɛma no sɛe ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ bere ma kwan a, sɛ wode-WATTtage charger a ɛba fam di dwuma a, ɛtew ɔhyew nhyɛso so bere a worebɔ ka no. Battery a ɛwɔ 5W a ɛboro nnɔnhwerew abiɛsa no mu no nsɛe pii sen nea wɔde charge no wɔ 20W mu wɔ nea ennu dɔnhwerew biako mu, ɛwom mpo sɛ abien no nyinaa du ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban no mu a ɛyɛ pɛ de.

Bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ho hia te sɛ charge level.Sɛ wogyae afiri bi a wɔde ahyɛ mu bere a woadu charge a edi mũ akyi a, ɛnyɛ nea epira sɛnea nnipa pii gye di no, sɛ wɔde charge nhyehyɛe no yɛ yiye-designed a. Quality chargers hyɛn maintenance mode a wɔde current a ɛdɔɔso nkutoo ma de offset self-discharge, mpɛn pii no 2-5MA. Nanso, sɛ afiri no de ahoɔden di dwuma denneennen bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu-te sɛ agodie anaa video rendering-battery no betumi ayɛ kyinhyia wɔ 98-100% ntam mpɛn pii, a ɛma ɛho yɛ ntɛmntɛm.

Ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so bere a wɔrebɔ no da adi sɛ ɛho hia kɛse. Ɛsɛ sɛ batere ahorow no yɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew a ɛyɛ mmerɛw-a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye wɔ 10-30℃(50-86℃F) ntam. Atiridii a ano yɛ den a wɔde ma no ma ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so tew na ebetumi ama lithium ayɛ aduru, bere a ɔhyew a ano yɛ den a wɔde bɔ ade no ma nneɛma nyinaa sɛe ntɛmntɛm no. Yi telefon so nsɛm bere a worebɔ ka no na ama ɔhyew no asɛe yiye, na kwati sɛ wode mfiri bɛbɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ mpa anaa mpa a ɛkyere ɔhyew no so.

Wɔ mfiri a wɔde di dwuma wɔ bere ne bere mu, te sɛ backup battery anaa seasonal nnwinnade, sie no wɔ 40-50% charge sen sɛ wɔde bɛbɔ ka nyinaa. Saa storage voltage yi ma ɔsɛe a ɛba wɔ bere a ɛda hɔ no so tew. Hwɛ batere a wɔde asie asram kakraa biara na sɛ ɛkɔ fam sen 20% a, fa ahoɔden gu mu bio na amma deep discharge no asɛe.

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa .

So unplugging a ɛba ntɛm ara wɔ charge a edi mũ akyi no ma battery nkwa tu mpɔn?

Nnɛyi charge nhyehyɛe ahorow no gyae current a ɛho hia a ɛde ma no ara kwa bere a battery no adu ne ho koraa no, na ɛhyɛn nsiesie kwan a ɛma ahoɔden kakraa bi so. Unplugging ntɛm ara wɔ full charge akyi ma mfaso ketewaa bi gye sɛ wode afiri no redi dwuma kɛse bere a wode wo ho ahyɛ mu, a ebetumi ama micro-cycling ayɛ 98-100% ntam. Wɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no mu dodow no ara fam no, sɛ wogyaw afiri no ma wɔde nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi ka ho a, ɛmma wonyɛ ɔhaw biara.

Dɛn nti na me battery ɔha biara mu nkyem 100% so tew ntɛmntɛm?

Eyi taa kyerɛ battery calibration ho nsɛm sen sɛ ɛbɛyera ankasa. Battery management system no gyina voltage ne current susudua so na ɛbu charge level no ho akontaa. Sɛ saa akontabuo yi twe ne ho firi nokwasɛm ho a, nhyehyɛeɛ no bɛtumi abɔ amanneɛ 100% berɛ a charge ankasa no sua. Sɛ woyɛ discharge a edi mũ-charge cycle bere ne bere mu a ɛboa ma wɔsan yɛ nhyehyɛe no, ɛwom sɛ eyi ho nhia kɛse sen asram kakraa biara de.

So ebetumi asɛe batere a ɛboro so wɔ nnɛyi ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu mpo?

Nokware overcharging-a ɛboro 4.2V biara cell-yɛ ade a ɛho yɛ na yiye wɔ quality charger ne mfiri. Protection circuits wɔ ahobammɔ ahorow pii a ɛho nhia a esiw voltage a ɛboro ahobammɔ anohyeto so. Nanso, bere nyinaa a wɔhwɛ batere so wɔ 100% charge, mpo wɔ voltage a ɛfata mu no, ma nnuru sɛe ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtaa de asɛmfua "overcharging" di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so de kyerɛkyerɛ charge a ɛkyɛ wɔ ahoɔden a edi mũ mu, a ɛde voltage stress ba sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nokware sɛ ɛboro so.

Sɛ me battery no adu ne ho a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no abubu a?

Sɛ woannya adwumayɛ ho nsɛnkyerɛnne a, wubetumi de voltage susudua a ɛwɔ multimeter adi dwuma. Wɔ biako-nkwaboaa lithium-ion batere, full charge yɛ 4.2V a wɔsusuw wɔ battery terminals no so. Wɔ multi-nkwaboaa packs ho no, fa 4.2V bɔ nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a, hyɛ no nsow sɛ bere a wɔde bɔ ka-Batere dodow no ara hwehwɛ sɛ wode nnɔnhwerew 2- 3 ma wo ho ka nyinaa fi baabi a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ hwee nni hɔ a ɛwɔ charger ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ daa. Sɛ wode charge kɔ akyiri sen saa bere nhyehyɛe yi a nsakrae biara mma batere hyew mu a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ woadu ahoɔden a edi mũ ho.

Nneɛma a etwa to a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho wɔ charge management mũ no nyinaa ho .

Battery chemistry nsakrae titiriw wɔ mfe du du pii mu, nanso ntease a yɛwɔ wɔ charge nneyɛe a eye sen biara ho no kɔ so dannan. Mprempren nnwuma no gye tom sɛ 100% charge akyi di kyinhyia biara de aguadi-offs a wɔn a wɔde di dwuma pii bɛpow sɛ wohu yiye wɔ akwan foforo no ho a.

Susuw w’ahiade ankasa ne suban a ɛyɛ su ho. Nnipa dodow no ara betumi ayɛ adwuma a 80% charge wɔ da biara da dwumadi ahorow ho, a wɔkora so ka nyinaa nna a maximum runtime ho hia. Saa nsakraeɛ a ɛnyɛ den yi, a wɔde ka ho ne kwati a wɔkwati deep discharges a ɛba fam sen 20% no, betumi atrɛw batere nkwa nna a etu mpɔn mu 50-100% a ɛho nhia sɛ wɔde nnwinnade titiriw biara anaasɛ ɔhaw kɛse biara ba.

Mfiridwuma ho adwuma no de nkakrankakra reyɛ nsakrae wɔ nokwasɛm ahorow yi ho. Mprempren wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma pii no bi ne batere akwahosan ho nneɛma, charge limiting options, ne adaptive charging algorithms a ɛtew bere a wɔde di dwuma koraa so. Sɛnea batere gyina hɔ ma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ne ɛka kɛse a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde si ananmu no nyinaa ho no, hwɛ kwan sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban yi bɛyɛ nea ɛfata sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛfata.

Key Takeaways .

Comprector a edi mũ ba wɔ ahoɔden a ɛsen biara (4.2V ma lithium-ion), ɛnyɛ bere a batere no kenkan 100% kɛkɛ .

Batere a wɔbɛhwɛ so wɔ ahoɔden a edi mũ mu no ma ɔsɛe ba ntɛmntɛm bere a wɔde toto charge tebea horow fã bi ho no .

Nnɛyi charge nhyehyɛe ahorow de voltage, current, ne ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so di dwuma de hu ahoɔden a edi mũ pɛpɛɛpɛ .

Charging a ɛwɔ 20-80% ntam ma da biara da a wɔde di dwuma no trɛw battery nkwa nna mu kɛse .

Full charge voltage kɔ so yɛ daa bere a batere no tumi sɛe bere kɔ so no .

Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ mu .

Battery ahoɔden ne nsuo a ɛfiri mu ba .

Lithium-ion batere mu nneɛma ho mfitiasesɛm .

Battery Management Systems (BMS) Mfiridwuma .

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm ne nea wɔde yɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ brɛoo .

Battery a wɔkora so Nneyɛe pa .