Dɛn ne batere nhyehyɛe ho sɔhwɛ?
Field service guy frɛ wɔ ka sɛ forklift no rentumi nyɛ adwuma. BMS a wɔatoto mu. Adetɔfo a wɔde asodi no to batere no so. Ɛbɛdaa adi sɛ obi gyaw pack no te adekoradan bi a ɛnyɛ hyew mu wɔ dapɔnna no mu, ɔhyew no kɔɔ fam sen aboboano, na nhyehyɛe no powee sɛ ɛbɛto contactor atitiriw no mu. Adwuma a wɔyɛ sɛnea wɔayɛ no. Ɛno ne battery system testing a ɛreyɛ n’adwuma.
Battery system testing kata nneɛma mmiɛnsa a ɛsi kɛseɛ a ɛnni hɔ ma deɛ ɔde di dwuma awieeɛ no so: Self-Diagnostics ansa na pack no akɔ live, insulation monitoring berɛ a ɛreyɛ adwuma, ne interlock verification a ɛsi so dua sɛ biribiara nnyae. Wɔn mu biara wɔ hɔ efisɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ afuw mu, mpɛn pii no ɛdɔɔso araa ma ɛbɛyɛɛ ahwehwɛde a ɛfata. GB 18384-2020 wɔ China, ISO 6469-3 wɔ amanaman ntam. Eyinom nyɛ nyansahyɛ ahorow.
Self-nhwehwɛmufo ansa na biribi foforo biara aba .
Sɛ wo flip key switch no wɔ electric forklift so a, BMS no nnyɛ slam contactors no mu kɛkɛ na anidaso sɛ nea eye sen biara. Ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛtoatoa so a edi kan, mpɛn pii no wowie wɔ nea ennu sikani anum mu, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm. Nhyehyɛe no hwehwɛ nkwammoaa kuw biara mu hwehwɛ ahoɔden ne ɔhyew, hwɛ sɛ nkoa board ahorow no redi nkitaho, na ɛma contactor adhesion detection yɛ adwuma ansa na wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛto biribiara mu.
Operating thresholds a ɛho hia .
Voltage mfɛnsere .
2.0V - 4.5V
nkwammoaa biara anohyeto. Wɔ saa range yi akyi no siw activation ano.
Temp range .
-40℃- 80℃.
Module ahobammɔ anohyeto ahorow a ɛbɛma wɔasiw ɔhyew nsɛm ano.
Voltage window no yɛ den. Ɛsɛ sɛ cell voltage tena 2.0V ne 4.5V ntam anaasɛ pack no rentra ase. Module no hyew yɛ -40℃kosi 80℃. Eyinom nyɛ nɔma ahorow a wɔatwe afi spec krataa so. Below 2V kyerɛ sɛ cell bi diedly discharged anaasɛ asɛe, wo mpɛ sɛ wobɛhyɛ current through through that. Nea ɛboro 4.5V kyerɛ sɛ ɛboro so anaasɛ susudua mfomso, ɔkwan biara so no biribi nyɛ papa. Yɛahu sɛ packs san ba a cell biako wɔ 4.6V bere a afoforo no yɛ normal. Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu sintɔ wɔ afiase dan no mu no, BMS kyeree no ansa na ɛrebɛyɛ ɔhyew adeyɛ.
Contactor adhesion detection nya ani a wobu ani gu so kosi sɛ ɛho behia. Sɔhwɛ no yɛ adwuma denam susuo voltage a ɛfa contactor terminals so bere a wɔahyɛ contactor no abue no so. voltage present kyerɛ sɛ current no resen, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ contactor welded no ato mu wɔ bere a atwam a ɛkorɔn-mprempren adeyɛ bi mu. Wontumi nhyɛ welded contactor so. Wontumi ntwa pack no mu dwoodwoo. Forklift a ɛpow sɛ ɛbɛdannan no yɛ ahometew. Forklift a ɛpow sɛ ebedum no yɛ asiane.
Bere no yɛ adwuma te sɛ eyi: BMU fi ase, twɛn 0.1 seconds, ɛhyɛn self-hwɛ tebea mu, tu mmirika fa tebea horow nyinaa mu. Sɛ biribiara twam wɔ sikɔne 5 ntam a, main contactors no to mu. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, initialization fault, pack no kɔ so disconnected. Adetɔfo binom nwiinwii wɔ bere a wɔde fii ase no ho. Yɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ sikɔne anum bo yɛ mmerɛw sen ogyaframa.
Insulation monitoring fa leakage current ho, ɛnyɛ resistance kɛkɛ .
Battery nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse no sen bere a wɔde toto kar no chassis ho no. Nkitahodi biara nni hɔ a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ wɔ DC bɔs ne asase ntam. Sɛ insulation no sɛe-nsuo a ɛkɔ mu, cable wear, contamination-mprempren ɛfiri aseɛ pue kɔ chassis so. Ka ɔfasu a ɛnteɛ wɔ bere a ɛnteɛ mu na wobɛyɛ saa ɔmansin no fã. Eyi nti na GB 18384-2020 hwehwɛ sɛ ɛba fam koraa 100Ω wɔ volt biara a ɛwɔ system voltage mu no ho. 500V pack hia anyɛ yiye koraa no 50kΩ wɔ dua biara ne chassis asase ntam.
Nkontaabu no fi IEC/TR 60479-1, a ɛde 2MA sii hɔ sɛ aboboano a nnipa adwene a ɛfa anyinam ahoɔden ho no fi ase. Ma leakage nkɔ fam wɔ saa na contact nyɛ asiane ntɛm ara. Nea ɛboro ɛno ne nneɛma mu no sɛe ntɛmntɛm. Standard no ma wo engineering margin a wode bɛyɛ adwuma.
Akwan anan wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so susuw insulation resistance wɔ kar a wɔde di dwuma mu. Aboafoɔ voltage kwan no hia abɔnten 110V DC fibea, ɛma nhyehyɛeɛ no yɛ den, na ɛntumi nkyerɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ dua no mu. Mprempren sensor kwan no yɛ adwuma bere a load current no sen, mfaso biara nni so bere a pre-fi ase hwɛ. Bridge resistance kwan no ne nea kar BMS dodow no ara de di dwuma mprempren. Fa resistors a wɔayɛ no calibrated ntam DC bɔs ne chassis ntam, dannan nhyehyɛe ahorow ntam, bu insulation fi voltage dividers a efi mu ba no mu. Ɛyɛ adwuma daa wɔ bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma nanso ɛwɔ anifuraefo bere a ɛba sɛ pole resistances a ɛyɛ papa ne nea enye no yɛ pɛ no.
voltage injection kwan no si saa anifurae no so denam superimposing a ɛba fam-frequency AC sɛnkyerɛnne-mpɛn pii no 10 kosi 100Hz-ɛkɔ soro voltage circuit ne susuw mmuae wɔ chassis reference. adwuma a symmetry a ɛwɔ insulation degradation no mu mfa ho. Ɛyɛ adwuma bere mpo a battery no twa mu fi adesoa ho no. Nea ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma, nea efi mu ba a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Ɔkwan biara a wobɛfa so no, ɛsɛ sɛ BMS no de nsɛm no yɛ biribi. Insulation a ɛboro 500Ω/V, adwumayɛ a ɛfata. Wɔ 100Ω/V ne 500Ω/V ntam no, kɔkɔbɔ ma dashboard, ebia anohyeto dwumadi ahorow bi. 100Ω/V, mfomso tebea. Sɛ́ nhyehyɛe no twa anyinam ahoɔden mu ntɛm ara anaasɛ ɛma ofirikafo no kwan ma ɔyɛ mmerɛw no gyina kar ahoɔhare ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma no so. Wompɛ sɛ forklift awu mid-lift a pallet wɔ wim.
High voltage interlock loop kyere mfiridwuma mu haw ahorow .
Insulation monitoring di nneɛma a ɛsɛe nkakrankakra ho dwuma. Hvil di nkitahodi a ɛba mpofirim ho dwuma. Connector bi twee ne ho bere a ɔrebɔ no. Woyii nsiesie kataso a wɔanni lockout nhyehyɛe no akyi. Cable a ɛwosow fii ne latch mu.
Nnwuma no de low voltage pilot signal fa pin a wɔatu ho ama so wɔ biara a ɛkorɔn-voltage connector wɔ system no mu. Saa pin yi yɛ mfiri a ɛyɛ tiaa sen tumi a ɛne no di nkitaho no. Sɛ wo yi connector bi fi mu a, interlock circuit no di kan bue, power contacts no tetew nea ɛto so abien no mu. BMS no hu open circuit no, ɛhyɛ contactors nyinaa a ɛbue, voltage a ɛkorɔn kɔ fam ansa na power contacts no atetew honam fam. Arc biara nni connector no anim. Asiane biara nni hɔ mma mfiridwumayɛfo no.
Bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no ho nsɛm a ɛho hia .
Eyi te sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi sɛ wubesusuw bere ho. Wɔsusu mmuaeɛ mfɛnsere no wɔ milisekɔn mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe no hu ahomegye no, si nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho gyinae, na wɔhyɛ contactors a wobue ntɛmntɛm sen sɛ wobetumi atwe nkitahodi no wɔ honam fam. Wɔ connectors a ɛboro 400V no taa yɛ secondary mechanical interlock a ɛhyɛ ma wɔhyɛ da pause-ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ release bi so, twɛn, afei twe-give the control system time to react.
Topologies abien wɔ hɔ. Series loop no de interlock point biara bata circuit biako a ɛkɔ so ho. Simple wiring, biako break wɔ baabiara bue loop no nyinaa, nanso wuntumi nhu connector a mfomso biara nni mu a honam fam nhwehwɛmu. Parallel monitoring over betumi ama connector biara abɔ n’ankasa tebea ho amanneɛ wɔ ahofadi mu. Wiring pii, nneɛma a ɛyɛ den kɛse, nanso wunim baabi pɔtee a ɔhaw no wɔ. Mining ne airport ground support applications taa kɔ parallel kwan no so efisɛ nnwinnade no yɛ kɛse na mfomso localization gye bere.
Nneɛma a ɛtaa di huammɔ kwan so no yehu: pin corrosion fi nsu a ɛkɔ mu, aware tumi a ɛnnɔɔso a efi nkitahodi adan a asɛe mu, cable ɔbrɛ a efi ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ papa a ɛma kwan ma wɔbɔ mpɛn pii no mu. Eyinom yɛ installation ne maintenance ho nsɛm, ɛnyɛ design ho nsɛm, nanso ɛda adi sɛ HVIL mfomso ɛmfa ho nea ɛyɛ ne mfomso.
Nea enti a eyi ho hia ma po so ahyɛn dwumadi ahorow .
Pack a ɛpow sɛ ebefi ase no nyɛ mmerɛw. Pack a efi ase bere a ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ no yɛ asiane. Battery nhyehyɛe mu sɔhwɛ wɔ hɔ a ɛbɛma wɔasiw nea ɛto so abien no ano denam nea edi kan no a wɔbɛma ho kwan no so.
Diagnostics no de ɛka ka BMS no ho. Interlock connectors no bo yɛ den sen standard connectors. Insulation monitoring circuit no ankasa de parallel resistance kwan a ɛma system insulation no sɛe kakra ba. Eyinom yɛ engineering tradeoffs a ɛwɔ hɔ efisɛ alternative-shipping packs a enni saa ahobammɔ yi-ɛbɔ asodi a obiara mpɛ sɛ ɔde soa.
Wɔ adetɔfo a wɔresusuw wɔn a wɔde batere ma ho no fam no, nsɛmmisa a ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa no nyɛ cell chemistry anaa cycle life claims ho asɛm. Saa asɛm no, nanso ɛyɛ table stakes. Nsɛmmisa a ɛda supplier tumi adi no fa edge cases ho. Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ -30℃? Sɛ nkwammoaa kuw bi kari pɛ bere a wɔde sie no a, dɛn na ɛba? Sɛ obi shorts the sense wires wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔresiesie no a, dɛn na ɛba? A supplier a ɔwɔ mmuaeɛ-pɔtee, mfiridwuma mmuaeɛ a sɔhwɛ data-wɔasi packs a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma wɔahu saa ɔhaw yi wɔ afuom.
Battery system sɔhwɛ nyɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ho dawuru. Ɛyɛ infrastructure a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye bere a biribiara ankɔ yiye na ɛkyere ɔhaw ahorow ansa na abɛyɛ nsɛm a esisi bere a biribi yɛ saa. Nea eye sen biara a ebefi mu aba ne sɛ wunhu da sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma.
