Dɛn ne data a wonya?

Akwan a wɔfa so nya data .

Ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu nkwammoaa biako .

Battery cell voltage acquisition module no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛwɔ power battery management system no mu. Ne dwumadi ne ne pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe no atemmu a ɛfa batere tebea ho nsɛm ho no yɛ nokware, na ɛka akwan a wɔfa so di dwuma akyiri yi a wɔde bedi dwuma yiye no bio. Akwan a wɔtaa fa so de hu cell voltage no bi ne relay array kwan, daa current source kwan, adwumayɛ a ɛma amplifier a wonya no kwan a wɔatew ho, voltage/frequency conversion circuit acquisition kwan, ne linear optocoupler amplifier circuit acquisition kwan.

1. Relay Array Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma .

Mfonini 8-6 kyerɛ block diagram a ɛkyerɛ battery voltage acquisition circuit a egyina relay array kwan so. Ɛyɛ terminal voltage sensor, relay array, A-D (analog-To-digital) a ɛdannan, optocoupler, ne multiplexer. Sɛ wobɛsusu n terminal voltage a ɛwɔ N battery a ɛka ho wɔ series mu a, N{6}} wires hia sɛ wɔde bata node biara ho wɔ battery pack no mu. Sɛ woresusuw m{9}}th battery no terminal voltage a, microcontroller no de control signal a ɛne no hyia no kɔ, a ɛpaw relay a ɛfata no fa multiplexer, optocoupler, ne relay drive circuit no so, na ɛka M-th ne M+1-th nhama no bom kɔ A{14}}D converter chip no mu. Mpɛn pii no, sɛnea mfiri a wɔde sesa nneɛma no tumi gyina ano no sua koraa, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ mfomso a mfiri a wɔde sesa nneɛma no tumi gyina ano no yɛ nea wontumi mmu ani ngu so bere a wɔde ne voltage divider circuit abɔ mu awie no. Bio nso, circuit nhyehyɛe no nyinaa yɛ mmerɛw; Voltage divider resistors, AD converter chip, ne voltage reference pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ nkutoo na ɛka nea efi mu ba a etwa to no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Mfomso a ɛwɔ resistors ne chip no mu no taa yɛ nea wobetumi ayɛ no ketewaa bi. Enti, relay array kwan no fata paa ma applications a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ankorankoro battery voltage susuw ne pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛkorɔn.

2. daa mprempren fibea kwan .

Nnyinasosɛm titiriw a ɛfa parallel battery voltage acquisition a wɔde daa current source circuit di dwuma ne sɛ wɔbɛdan battery terminal voltage no ayɛ no linearly a ɛsakra current signal a wɔmfa conversion resistor nni dwuma. Eyi ma nhyehyɛe no anti-interference tumi no tu mpɔn. Wɔ biako-stage battery pack mu, esiane sɛ battery terminal voltage no sua koraa, mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ 2V ne 5V ntam nti, voltage no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den bere a wɔreyi no, na ɛnam so ama nhyehyɛe no anti-interference tumi no atu mpɔn. Enti, wɔtaa paw biako-channel operational amplifier wɔ design nhyehyɛe no mu na ama wɔatumi ayɛ eyi. Esiane nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ circuit design ne application mu nti, constant current source circuits betumi afa akwan horow pii so.

Ɔmansin a wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 8-7 mu no yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛte saa no mu baako; Ɛyɛ mprempren source circuit a ɛyɛ daa a ɛyɛ series-paw adwumayɛ amplifier ne insulated-gate field-effect transistor.

Sɛnea yebetumi ahu afi nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ amplifier no mu no, saa ɔmansin yi yɛ multi-stage direct-coupled amplifier circuit a ɛwɔ soro a ɛbue-loop gain ne deep negative feedback. Ne input stage no de differential amplifier circuit di dwuma na wɔde ahyɛ silicon chip koro no ara so, na ɛde adwumayɛ a ɛne abien no ntam hyia yiye ba, na mfinimfini fã no wɔ amplification tumi a ɛkorɔn. Sɛ wogyina nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa differential circuits ho so a, saa circuit yi wɔ common-mode signal rejection tumi a ɛyɛ den. Enti, sɛ wode operational amplifier di dwuma de susuw voltage a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa ankorankoro a ɛwɔ battery pack mu no a, nea ɛtaa ba no-mode pow ne amplification tumi no bɛma susudua no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ atu mpɔn. An insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) yɛ semiconductor afiri a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ input circuit no mu di dwuma de hwɛ output circuit current no so. Sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ variable resistance region no mu a, output drain current I no ne input drain-fibea voltage us no wɔ linearly. Bio nso, aponkɛseɛ-Source impedance a ɛwɔ transistor no mu no yɛ kɛseɛ paa, ɛde leakage current ketewa paa ba, berɛ a drain-fibea a ɛwɔ-resistance no sua koraa, na ɛde ba a ɛba fam paa wɔ{17}}State voltage drop. Mfonini 8-7 de P{21}}channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor (FET), na Zener diode no abɔ mu de ahwɛ so sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ gate-Source voltage UCS. Adwumayɛ amplifier no yɛ adwuma wɔ linear region no mu. Sɛ wɔpaw FET a ɛba fam-resistance a, on-state voltage drop no yɛ nea wontumi mmu ani ngu so. Enti,

Wobetumi ayɛ .

Wɔ atifi hɔ nsɛsoɔ no mu no, nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda U1 ne U2 ntam no yɛ battery terminal voltage, na U1 yɛ output voltage a ɛwɔ inverting operational amplifier circuit no mu. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛhu sɛ Zener diode a ɛka adwumayɛ amplifier no output ho no ma mmuaeɛ, ɛma circuit no kɔ so yɛ tebea a ɛkari pɛ. V2 ↑→ |uz| ↓→ IL ↓→ |vr| ↓→ VI ↑→ |v2| ↓. baabi a V2 yɛ output voltage a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ amplifier no mu; VR yɛ voltage a ɛwɔ resistor r1 so; na VI yɛ input differential voltage a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ amplifier no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, VI=u1 - u2. Sɛ circuit no kari pɛ a, VI=0. daa current source circuit no wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ den, common a ɛyɛ den-mode pow tumi, adetɔ a ɛkorɔn a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ne mfaso pa.

3. Isolation adwumayɛ amplifier .

A isolation operational amplifier yɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik ade a etumi de anyinam ahoɔden yi analog nsɛnkyerɛnne fi hɔ. Wɔde di dwuma kɛse sɛ isolators wɔ mfiridwuma nhyehyɛe sohwɛ mu ne sɛ isolation media wɔ mfiri ahorow a ɛma ahoɔden mu. Mpɛn pii no, ɛwɔ afã abien: ɔfã a wɔde hyɛ mu ne ɔfã a wɔde fi adi. Eyinom yɛ ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so na wɔde magnetic coupling ka ho. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ modulated denam input section no so, ɛfa isolation layer no mu, na afei wɔde demodulated na ɛsan de output section no ba. Isolation adwumayɛ amplifiers yɛ papa ma battery cell voltage acquisition circuits. Wɔtwe battery terminal voltage signal no fi circuit no mu, na wɔnam saayɛ so kwati abɔnten so ntwitwiridii na ɛma nhyehyɛe no a wobenya no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ ne ahotoso tu mpɔn. Wɔde application nhwɛso a wɔtaa de ama wɔ ase ha.

Mfonini 8.8 kyerɛ sɛnea wɔde isolation operational amplifier di dwuma wɔ 600V power battery management system mu. Battery pack no kura 50 horizontal lead-acid battery a rated voltage yɛ 12V, na wɔn terminal voltages no nya mmiako mmiako denam isolation operational amplifier circuit no so. ISO 122 yɛ isolation amplifier a wɔayɛ no ne modulation ne demodulation technology a Black & Decker (BBB) ​​de ahyɛ mu wɔ United States, a ɛde pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ capacitor coupling technology ne amanne kwan so dual-in-line (DIP) pin nhyehyɛe di dwuma. ISO 122 no mu nsɛm a wɔde hyɛ mu ne nea wɔde fi adi no wɔ sampling circuit no mu, na wɔde 1PF capacitors abien a ɛne no hyia a ɛyɛ isolation layer no atew ho. Rated isolation voltage no boro 1500V (AC 60Hz kɔ so), a ɛkorɔn isolation impedance ne gain pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ ne linearity a ɛkorɔn, na ɛnam so di dwuma a wɔde di dwuma ho ahwehwɛde ahorow a mfaso wɔ so. Sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 8.8 mu no, wɔtwe ISO 122 a ɛde ba no tumi fi batere a ɛyɛ adwuma no mu, na wɔde nsɛm a efi mu ba, a ɛne no wɔ linear no yɛ multiplexed, afei ɛkyɛ ne ho denam precision resistors abien a microcontroller no di so ansa na wɔde akɔ input no so. Output power no nam power supply module a ɛwɔ circuit board no so na ɛde ma, na battery terminal voltage no atew ne ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ wɔ terminal voltage acquisition circuit a ɛwɔ 50th battery no mu no, wɔde inverter bi ka ho wɔ operational amplifier circuit a atew ne ho no akyi de sesa output signal no fi negative kɔ positive. Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkyerɛ nso sɛ ɛwom sɛ Operational Amplifier Acquisition Circuit a atew ne ho no wɔ adwumayɛ a ɛkyɛn so de, nanso ne bo a ɛkɔ soro no ama ne dwumadie a ɛtrɛw no ano abrɛ ase.

4. voltage/frequency conversion circuit a wonya no kwan .

Sɛ wode voltage/frequency (V/F) conversion circuit di dwuma de nya battery cell voltage a, V/F converter no ho hia. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛdannan voltage nsɛnkyerɛnne ma ɛyɛ frequency signals, a ɛma pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ a ɛkyɛn so, linearity, ne integral input.

Mfonini 8-9 kyerɛ circuit schematic a ɛwɔ LM331 V/F converter a wɔde di dwuma ma ɛkorɔn-precision v/f nsakrae. LM331 yɛ-Adwumayɛ a wɔaka abom V/F chip a FS microcontroller yɛ. Ɛde bandgap reference circuit foforo a wɔde ɔhyew ayɛ no di dwuma, na ɛma ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ kɛse wɔ ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma no nyinaa mu ne ahoɔden a wɔde ma no ahoɔden a ɛba fam te sɛ 4.0V.

Wɔ saa ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya ade yi mu no, wɔdan voltage sɛnkyerɛnne no tẽẽ ma ɛbɛyɛ frequency signal, a afei wobetumi de microcontroller no counter port no adi ho dwuma a enhia sɛ wɔde-D nsakrae no. Bio nso, sɛ ɛbɛboa V/F nsakraeɛ kwan a ɛwɔ battery cell voltage acquisition system no mu a, ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ circuits a ɛne no hyia ne operational amplifier circuits nso sɛ ɛbɛnya multi-channel acquisition functionality. Saa kwan yi fa nneɛma kakraa bi ho, nanso voltage-a wɔde di dwuma oscillator no kura capacitors, na mfomso a ɛfa capacitors ho no taa yɛ kɛse, a capacitors akɛse da mfomso akɛse mpo adi.

5. Linear optocoupler amplifier ɔmansin a wonya no kwan .

Battery cell voltage acquisition circuit a egyina linear optocoupler so no nya isolation wɔ signal acquisition end ne processing end no ntam, na ɛnam so ma circuit no ahoɔden ne anti-interference tumi no tu mpɔn. Mfonini 8-10 kyerɛ TIL300 linear optocoupler, a ɛyɛ nsɛm a wɔde ma a wɔatew wɔn ho a wɔde infrared LED hann ne photodiode a ɛba no bifurcated bifurcated. Wɔde mfiridwuma titiriw a wɔde yɛ adwuma no di dwuma de tua LED bere ne ɔhyew su a ɛnyɛ linear no so ka, na ɛma output signal no yɛ linearly proportional to the servo luminous flux a LED no de ba no. TIL300 no wɔ peak isolation a ɛyɛ 3500V, bandwidth a ɛboro 200kHz, ɛfata ma DC ne AC nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ soronko a wɔatew ho, na ɛwɔ output gain stability a ɛyɛ ±0.05%/℃. Sɛnea yebetumi ahu afi mfonini no mu no, wɔdan battery cell biako (nsonsonoe a ɛda U1 ne U2 ntam) voltage bo no ma ɛyɛ mprempren sɛnkyerɛnne IP denam adwumayɛ amplifier A so na ɛsen fa linear optocoupler TIL300 no mu. Opto-isolation akyi no, ɛde mprempren IP2 a ɛne IP1 wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛyɛ linear no ba. Afei wɔsan dannan saa current yi ma ɛyɛ voltage value denam operational amplifier A2 ma a-D nsakrae ne data a wonya so. Ɛfata sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ linear optocoupler no awiei abien no hwehwɛ tumi a ɛde ne ho a ɛsono emu biara, a wɔakyerɛw so i+12V ne ±12V wɔ mfonini no mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ linear optocoupler amplifier circuit no nnyɛ sɛ ɛwɔ isolation a ɛyɛ den ne anti-interference tumi nko na mmom ɛsan nso kura linearity pa a ɛwɔ analog signal no mu bere a transmission no reba no. Enti, wobetumi de adi dwuma de aka relay arrays anaa gating circuits ho wɔ multi-channel acquisition systems mu. Nanso, ne kyinhyia no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, na nneɛma pii betumi aka sɛnea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no.

Akwan a wɔfa so nya ɔhyew .

Ɛnyɛ sɛ batere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no hyew ka batere no adwumayɛ nko, na mmom ɛfa kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom ahobammɔ ho tẽẽ nso. Enti, ɔhyew parameter a wonya no pɛpɛɛpɛ no ho hia kɛse. Ɔhyew a wobenya no nyɛ den; Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wobɛpaw ɔhyew sensor a ɛfata. Mprempren, nneɛma pii wɔ ɔhyew mu, te sɛ thermistors, thermocouples, thermistor transistors, ne temperature sensor ahorow a wɔaka abom.

1. thermistor a wonya no kwan .

Nnyinasosɛm a ɛwɔ thermistor acquisition kwan no so no gyina su a ɛne sɛ thermistor bi a ɛko tia ɔhyew no ne ɔhyew no sesa. Wɔde resistor a ɛyɛ pintinn bata thermistor no ho wɔ ntoatoaso mu ma ɛyɛ voltage divider, na ɛnam so dannan ɔhyew no level ma ɛbɛyɛ voltage signal. Afei wɔdane saa nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ yi kɔ digyital ɔhyew ho nsɛm mu denam analog-kɔ-digital nsakraeɛ so. Thermistors bo nyɛ den nanso ɛnyɛ linearity yiye na mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ mfomso kɛse a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho.

2. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya thermocouple .

Nnyinasosɛm a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ thermocouple mu ne sɛ bimetallic nipadua ma thermoelectric tumi ahorow ba wɔ ɔhyew ahorow mu. Ɛdenam saa thermoelectric potential value yi a wobenya so no, wobetumi anya ɔhyew bo no denam table a wɔbɛhwehwɛ so. Esiane sɛ thermoelectric potential value no gyina nneɛma no nkutoo so nti, thermocouples no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ no yɛ kɛse yiye. Nanso, esiane sɛ thermoelectric potentials yɛ millivolt-level signals nti, ɛho hia sɛ wɔma amplification, na ɛma abɔnten circuitry no yɛ den. Mpɛn pii no, dadeɛ wɔ nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛkorɔn, enti wɔtaa de thermocouples di dwuma ma ɛkyɛ-temperature susudua.

3. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya ɔhyew sensor a wɔaka abom .

Bere a ɔhyew a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho no yɛ nea abu so kɛse wɔ da biara da asetra ne ne yɛ mu no, wɔn a wɔyɛ semiconductor no de ɔhyew ho sensor ahorow pii a wɔaka abom aba. Bere a saa sensor ahorow yi pii gyina thermistors so no, wɔyɛ no sɛnea wɔyɛ no bere a wɔreyɛ no, na ɛde pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ a wɔde toto thermocouples ho ba. Bio nso, wotumi de digyital values ​​di dwuma tẽẽ, na ɛma ɛyɛ yiye-afata sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ dijitaal nhyehyɛe ahorow mu.

Akwan a wɔfa so nya nneɛma mprempren .

Akwan a wɔtaa fa so hu nneɛma mprempren no bi ne shunts, transformers, hall effect mprempren sensor ahorow, ne fiber optic sensor ahorow.

Ɔkwan biara su no wɔakyerɛ wɔ Table 8-1.

Wɔ saa nneɛma yi mu no, ɛka kɛse a wɔbɔ wɔ fiber optic sensor ahorow ho no to wɔn dwumadie ano hye wɔ control field no mu; shunts no sua-ɛka na ɛwɔ frequency response pa, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wode bedi dwuma efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde bata current loop ho; Mprempren transformers no betumi adi dwuma ama AC susudua nkutoo; Na Hall element mprempren sensor ahorow no ma adwumayɛ pa na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wode bedi dwuma. Mprempren, shunts ne hall element current sensor ahorow no na wɔtaa de di dwuma kɛse wɔ mprempren agye ne hwɛ a wɔhwɛ anyinam ahoɔden kar ahoɔden battery nhyehyɛe so.

Akwan a wɔfa so hu wusiw .

Bere a kar no reyɛ adwuma no, esiane ɔkwan no tebea a ɛyɛ den ne batere a wɔyɛ ho nsɛm a efi awosu mu nti, tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ a emu yɛ den te sɛ wusiw anaa ogya betumi aba esiane ɔhyew a ɛboro so, nhyɛso, anaasɛ ɛbɔ nti. Sɛ wɔanhu nsɛm a esisi yi na wɔanni ho dwuma yiye ntɛm ara a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛbɛkɔ soro, na ɛde batere a atwa ho ahyia, kar no, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ baabi a wɔde nneɛma gu no ato asiane mu, na ɛbɛka kar ahobammɔ kɛse. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔasiw nsɛm a ɛtete saa ano no, wɔde wusiw a wɔhwɛ so no aba batere sohwɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu na wɔrehwɛ so kɛse.

Wusiw sensor ahorow no gu ahorow na wobetumi akyekyɛ mu ayɛ no ahorow abiɛsa atitiriw a egyina wɔn nnyinasosɛm ahorow a wohu so: 1 no wusiw sensor ahorow a wɔde physicochemical su ahorow di dwuma, te sɛ semiconductor wusiw sensor ne contact combustion wusiw sensor ahorow; 2 wusiw sensor ahorow a wɔde honam fam su ahorow di dwuma, te sɛ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ mu wusiw sensor, optical interference wusiw sensor ahorow, ne infrared sensor ahorow; 3 wusiw sensor ahorow a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma, te sɛ mprempren{0}}Type wusiw sensor ne electromotive tumi-Type gas sensor ahorow. Esiane sɛ wusiw sensor ahorow no gu ahorow nti, semiconductor wusiw sensor ahorow ntumi nhu mframa nyinaa. Enti, wɔpaw ɔkwan pɔtee bi a wɔbɛfa so ahu wusiw pɔtee biako anaa abien. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde oxide semiconductor wusiw sensor di dwuma titiriw de hu hydrocarbon wusiw, a O2, H2s, CO, H2, O2H2, CL2, OH, CO2, ne nea ɛkeka ho ka ho.Esiane sɛ wɔde electrode anohyeto nti, wɔde saa sensor ahorow yi di dwuma titiriw de hu inorganic wusiw, nea ɛkeka ho.

Sɛ wɔde wusiw sensor ahorow di dwuma wɔ batere a ahoɔden wom mu a, sensor a wɔpaw no hwehwɛ sɛ wote sɛnea wusiw a efi batere a ɛhyew mu ba no ase. Mpɛn pii no, batere a ɛhyew no ma CO ne CO2 pii ba, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔpaw sensor ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma mframa abien yi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ sensor no nhyehyɛe no ma ɛne wosow tebea a ɛwɔ bere tenten-bere a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten no ano na asiw atoro triggering ano esiane ɔkwan so mfutuma ne wosow nti.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wusiw afiri a ɛwɔ ahoɔden battery sohwɛ nhyehyɛe no mu no si draiver no console no so. Sɛ ɛba alarm sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛde alarm ne mfomso beae a wɔte ne nea wotumi hu no ma ntɛm ara, na ɛhwɛ hu sɛ ofirikafo no betumi ahu alarm sɛnkyerɛnne no ntɛm ara na wanya.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wusiw afiri a wɔde bɔ kɔkɔ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Olympic Electric Bus a Beijing Institute of Technology titiriw na ɛyɛ no mu no de batere a wɔde 9V alkaline anaa carbon-zinc batere na ɛyɛ adwuma di dwuma, na ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ wɔde nnɔnhwerew 24 yɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ. Alarm sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ nea kar no 24V batere ahoɔden a wɔde ma, a wɔde ma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so de hwɛ hu sɛ alarm nhyehyɛe no wɔ ahofadi. Alarm ahorow a wɔakyekyɛ no hu wusiw dodow denam wusiw a ɛwɔ mu no so. Sɛ wusiw dodow no ba fam sen anohyeto no a, alarm no mu controller no de relay output no si hɔ ma ɛbue circuit; Sɛ wusiw no dodow boro anohyeto no so a, emu controller no de relay output no si short circuit so, twetwe +24V power supply no ntɛmntɛm kɔ display panel no mu ma ɛyɛ alarm circuit a -24V power supply no wɔ display panel no so, na ɛma alarm sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔte ne nea wotumi hu no fi adi. Nhyehyɛeɛ nhyehyɛɛ no ​​wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mfonini 8-11 mu.